在某石化裝置,浙江至德鋼業有限公司工人人員發現某氧氣管道閥門側面還設計了防爆操作防護墻,有些防護過度。歸根結底是配管設計人員沒有真正理解標準規范的設計要求,由心中過度害怕引起。如圖1.1.3所示,某氧氣管道主管是18”的A312 TP304/TP304L(SMLS),后增加了旁路,配管設計人員仍選用A312 TP304/TP304L(SMLS)不銹鋼(gang)管道(dao)是錯誤的,因按照此工藝圖,旁路1.5"的流速加大了,需要選用鎳基(ji)合金材料(UNS N06600)才可以滿足工程設計質量。氧氣管道材料應根據管道壓力、溫度和流速不同選用碳鋼、不(bu)銹鋼和鎳基合金;宜采用無縫鋼管、無縫管件、全通徑閥,其操作狀態全開或全關,不得使其處于半開半關狀態;切斷閥操作過程兩端壓差不能過大,閥門宜用法蘭連接;墊片宜選用帶內環聚四氟乙烯纏繞墊片;填料不應采用易脫落碎屑、纖維的材料或可燃的材料制成,宜選用聚四氟乙烯材料;三通宜選用等徑三通,氧氣管子、管件、閥門等應進行脫脂處理。見歐洲工業氣體協會標準(EIGA)《Oxygen Piping Systems》(氧氣管道系統)IGC DOC 13/12/E等規范。


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  如圖1.1.3所示(shi),緊急切斷(duan)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)常(chang)(chang)是(shi)(shi)自動(dong)的(de)(de),在(zai)(zai)全(quan)開位(wei)置運行,通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)常(chang)(chang)僅(jin)在(zai)(zai)緊急情(qing)況下關閉(bi)。緊急切斷(duan)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)是(shi)(shi)高(gao)流(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa),通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)常(chang)(chang)為(wei)閘閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、刀形(xing)閘閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、蝶(die)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)或(huo)球閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)。旁(pang)(pang)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)常(chang)(chang)是(shi)(shi)從(cong)手動(dong)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)上(shang)游到下游的(de)(de)隔離閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa),安(an)裝(zhuang)目的(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)過隔離閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)對壓(ya)(ya)力進行均衡,一旦建立了壓(ya)(ya)力均衡,隔離閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)可以(yi)安(an)全(quan)打開。旁(pang)(pang)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)也(ye)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)對下游系(xi)統(tong)緩慢(man)加(jia)壓(ya)(ya),以(yi)緩解超速和(he)快(kuai)速增壓(ya)(ya)風(feng)險。受控(kong)、緩慢(man)加(jia)壓(ya)(ya)需(xu)要(yao)使用(yong)(yong)節流(liu)(liu)流(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)型閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)門,由于(yu)其(qi)具有流(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)功(gong)能,旁(pang)(pang)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)分為(wei)節流(liu)(liu)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、過程控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)。雖然被(bei)歸(gui)類(lei)為(wei)過程控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa),旁(pang)(pang)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)常(chang)(chang)為(wei)手動(dong)操作閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa),通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)常(chang)(chang)是(shi)(shi)截止閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)或(huo)球閥(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)等。為(wei)盡(jin)量(liang)(liang)減少(shao)旁(pang)(pang)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)線(xian)中可能聚集的(de)(de)顆粒數量(liang)(liang),旁(pang)(pang)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)連接應安(an)裝(zhuang)到主管(guan)(guan)(guan)中心(xin)線(xian)或(huo)中心(xin)線(xian)以(yi)上(shang)。


  按GB 50030《氧氣站設(she)計(ji)規范》,設(she)計(ji)壓(ya)力(li)大(da)于0.1MPa的(de)氧氣管道(dao)上(shang),不(bu)得用(yong)閘閥(fa)。設(she)計(ji)壓(ya)力(li)大(da)于或等于1.0MPa且公稱(cheng)直徑(jing)(jing)大(da)于或等于150mm的(de)氧氣管道(dao)上(shang)的(de)手動閥(fa)門(men),宜設(she)旁(pang)通(tong)閥(fa)。設(she)計(ji)壓(ya)力(li)大(da)于1.0MPa,公稱(cheng)直徑(jing)(jing)大(da)于或等于150mm的(de)氧氣管道(dao)上(shang)經常操作的(de)閥(fa)門(men),宜用(yong)氣動閥(fa)門(men)。