靜電是指(zhi)工(gong)業靜電，即(ji)在生產(chan)、儲運過(guo)程中在物料、裝(zhuang)置、人體(ti)、器材和(he)構(gou)筑物上產(chan)生和(he)積累(lei)起來的靜電。

  兩種不同性(xing)質(zhi)的(de)物(wu)(wu)體(ti)(ti)相互摩(mo)擦(ca)(ca)，緊密(mi)接觸或(huo)迅速剝離都會(hui)(hui)產生靜電(dian)(dian)，其是一(yi)個(ge)物(wu)(wu)體(ti)(ti)失去電(dian)(dian)子帶(dai)(dai)有正電(dian)(dian)荷，另一(yi)個(ge)物(wu)(wu)體(ti)(ti)得到電(dian)(dian)子帶(dai)(dai)負(fu)電(dian)(dian)荷。如果該物(wu)(wu)體(ti)(ti)與大地絕緣，則電(dian)(dian)荷無(wu)法泄漏，停(ting)留在(zai)物(wu)(wu)體(ti)(ti)的(de)內部或(huo)表面而呈相對靜止狀態，這種電(dian)(dian)荷就稱(cheng)靜電(dian)(dian)。可燃化工物(wu)(wu)料(liao)、油(you)品(pin)等在(zai)收(shou)發(fa)、輸轉(zhuan)、灌裝過程(cheng)中，物(wu)(wu)料(liao)分子之間和(he)其他物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)之間的(de)摩(mo)擦(ca)(ca)，會(hui)(hui)產生靜電(dian)(dian)，其電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)隨著(zhu)摩(mo)擦(ca)(ca)的(de)加劇(ju)而增(zeng)大，如不及時導除(chu)，當電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)增(zeng)高到一(yi)定程(cheng)度(du)時，就會(hui)(hui)在(zai)兩帶(dai)(dai)電(dian)(dian)體(ti)(ti)之間閃火(huo)（即靜電(dian)(dian)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)）而引起油(you)品(pin)爆(bao)炸著(zhu)火(huo)。靜電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)越(yue)高越(yue)容(rong)易放(fang)電(dian)(dian)。

  電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)高(gao)(gao)低或靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷量大小主要與下(xia)列因(yin)素有關：管(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)內介質流速越(yue)快，摩擦(ca)越(yue)劇烈，產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)越(yue)高(gao)(gao)；空(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)越(yue)干燥，靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)越(yue)不容(rong)易(yi)從空(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)中消除，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)越(yue)容(rong)易(yi)升高(gao)(gao)；管(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)內壁越(yue)粗糙，油(you)品(pin)流經的(de)彎(wan)頭閥門越(yue)多，產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)越(yue)高(gao)(gao)；油(you)品(pin)含水(shui)時(shi)，比(bi)不含水(shui)分產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)高(gao)(gao)幾(ji)倍(bei)到(dao)幾(ji)十倍(bei)；非金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)管(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)，如橡膠(jiao)、塑料等管(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)比(bi)金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)管(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)更容(rong)易(yi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)；管(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)上濾網(wang)其柵(zha)網(wang)越(yue)密，產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)越(yue)高(gao)(gao)。綢氈過濾網(wang)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)更高(gao)(gao)；空(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)的(de)溫度較高(gao)(gao)（22～40℃），空(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)的(de)相(xiang)對濕度在13％～24％時(shi)，極易(yi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)；在相(xiang)同(tong)條件下(xia)，輕質燃料油(you)比(bi)潤滑油(you)易(yi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

  靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)危害有三(san)種：一是可(ke)能(neng)(neng)引(yin)起爆炸(zha)和(he)火災，靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)能(neng)(neng)量雖然不大，但(dan)因(yin)其電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓很(hen)高且易放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)出現靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)火花；二(er)是可(ke)能(neng)(neng)產(chan)生(sheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)擊，靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)擊雖然不會(hui)致人死亡(wang)，但(dan)是往往會(hui)導致二(er)次事故，因(yin)此也(ye)要加(jia)以防范；三(san)是可(ke)能(neng)(neng)影響生(sheng)產(chan)，在(zai)生(sheng)產(chan)中，靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)有可(ke)能(neng)(neng)會(hui)影響儀器設備的(de)正常運行或(huo)降低(di)產(chan)品的(de)質(zhi)量。此外，靜電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)還會(hui)引(yin)起電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子自動元件的(de)誤操(cao)作。