本次GB/T 4334標準的修訂，將標準名稱變更為《金屬和合金的腐蝕 奧氏體及雙相(鐵素體-奧氏體)不銹鋼晶間腐蝕試驗方法》，通過名稱明確了上述體系中各標準的適用范圍，便于使用和實施。同時，廢除了方法D—不銹鋼硝酸-氫氟酸腐蝕試驗方法，增加了方法F—銅-硫酸銅-35%硫酸腐蝕試驗方法和方法G—40%硫酸-硫酸鐵腐蝕試驗方法，修改了敏化制度和彎曲實驗參數等技術指標。通過本次修訂，提高了不銹鋼晶間腐蝕試驗方法標準的科學性、經濟性和實用性，有助于指導和規范高鉻鉬奧氏體不銹鋼及雙相不銹鋼生產和驗收，有助于提高我國不銹鋼產品的技術性能、安全可靠性及環保性能。 前不久，由冶金工業信息標準研究院組織的GB/T 4334《金屬和合金的腐蝕不銹鋼晶間腐蝕試驗方法》等兩項國家標準和一項國家標準外文版審定會在江蘇無錫順利召開。經過兩輪會議評審的GB/T 4334確定了最終的送審稿。私作為該分技術委員會的委員，全程參與了該標準的修訂過程，下面就為各位提前“劇透”下更新版的主要修改內容。“劇透”的主要目的是為了向小伙伴們闡明專家組對于各修訂之處的原因和意圖，便于大家更好地理解更新版標準的改動之處。預計更新版標準將于2020年正式發布實施，希望屆時都能夠更好地執行。

1. 淘汰(tai)落后的硝酸-氫氟酸法   

  我國(guo)(guo)GB/T 4334-2008中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)D法——不(bu)(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)鋼硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)-氫(qing)(qing)氟(fu)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)法最早(zao)于1984年修(xiu)改采(cai)用自(zi)日本(ben)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)JIS G 0574-1980。美國(guo)(guo)ASTM A262的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)早(zao)期(qi)版(ban)本(ben)中也(ye)(ye)包含(han)了硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)-氫(qing)(qing)氟(fu)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)法，但在(zai)1993年以(yi)后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)版(ban)本(ben)中此(ci)法遭到淘汰，隨(sui)后(hou)日本(ben)也(ye)(ye)廢(fei)除了JIS G 0574，因此(ci)當前其他各(ge)國(guo)(guo)標(biao)準中均無此(ci)方(fang)法。硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)-氫(qing)(qing)氟(fu)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)法具有如下特(te)點：不(bu)(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)鋼在(zai)此(ci)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)溶液(ye)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)腐蝕(shi)電位處在(zai)活化-鈍化區，因此(ci)會伴有嚴(yan)重的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)全面腐蝕(shi)。所以(yi)，試(shi)(shi)樣必須采(cai)用參照試(shi)(shi)樣，借助腐蝕(shi)速率比值的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)評定(ding)方(fang)法來篩除全面腐蝕(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)干擾影響。此(ci)外，試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)度(du)為70°C而(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)采(cai)用沸騰(teng)，控制相對不(bu)(bu)(bu)便；試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)溶液(ye)含(han)有劇毒的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氫(qing)(qing)氟(fu)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)能使(shi)用常規的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)玻璃容器(qi)，而(er)需(xu)采(cai)用耐硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)和(he)氫(qing)(qing)氟(fu)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)腐蝕(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)制塑料容器(qi)，這些(xie)因素都(dou)在(zai)一定(ding)程(cheng)度(du)上影響了該方(fang)法，導致(zhi)該方(fang)法幾(ji)乎從未被廣泛使(shi)用過。由于硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)-氫(qing)(qing)氟(fu)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)法的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)這些(xie)特(te)點，這一方(fang)法在(zai)國(guo)(guo)標(biao)GB/T 4334-2008中名存實亡，因此(ci)更新版(ban)標(biao)準將該方(fang)法廢(fei)除。

2. 新增兩(liang)個實驗(yan)方法使(shi)適用范圍(wei)進一步(bu)擴(kuo)大   

  GB/T 4334-2008修改采用自ISO 3651-1,3651-2。但是只保留了ISO 3651-1中的硝酸法和ISO 3651-2中A法——銅-硫酸銅-16%硫酸法。而對于ISO 3651-2中B 法——銅-硫酸銅-35%硫酸法則并未納入，此外，GB/T 4334-2008方法B名義上由ISO 3651-2中C法變更而來，實際相對于早期版本并無實質變化。GB/T 4334 的早期版本GB/T 4334.1~5-1980 和GB/T 4334.1~5-2000 最早非等效采用日本標準JIS G 0571~0575。而在1999年，日本對這幾個標準進行了較大的修改，由原先的ASTM體系逐漸向ISO體系靠攏。JIS G 0575-1999在原先銅-硫酸銅-16%硫酸法的基礎上，增加了銅-硫酸銅-35%硫酸法，JIS G 0572-2006將原來與ASTM A262中B法等同的50%硫酸-硫酸鐵法變更成與ISO等效的40%硫酸-硫酸鐵法。這兩項變化使日本晶間腐蝕標準的適用范圍得到了較大的擴展，即適用范圍由僅適用于奧氏體不銹鋼進一步擴大到了雙相不銹鋼。但我國標準從2000版到2008 版內容卻無實質變化。根據GB/T 4334-2008的前言所述，與相應ISO標準相比，本標準方法C的適用范圍不包括雙相不銹鋼；方法B適用范圍不包括鐵素體不銹鋼。但實際上，在GB/T 4334-2008正文的第一章“范圍”中，方法A、B、C和D所明確指定的適用范圍都僅局限于奧氏體不銹鋼。在GB/T 4334-2008中，僅方法E明確指出“適用于奧氏體、奧氏體-鐵素體不銹鋼…”。這種情況下，對于雙相不銹鋼的晶間腐蝕試樣方法選擇范圍過于單一。此外，GB/T 4334-2008在方法A中列出了一些不銹鋼牌號所適用的晶間腐蝕試驗方法，這些牌號都是Cr含量全部低于20%的300系不銹鋼。對于Cr、Mo含量更高的奧氏體不銹鋼以及雙相不銹鋼都沒有相應的說明，這在我國超級不銹鋼發展日益成熟的今天顯然有些過時。硫酸-硫酸銅法中決定其腐蝕性的主要是硫酸濃度，對于用在不太惡劣環境下的300系不銹鋼，如304不(bu)銹鋼、316不銹鋼等，16%的硫酸-硫酸銅法已被廣泛證明是合適的。但是，對用于更惡劣環境下的高鉻、鉬不銹鋼，采用16%的硫酸-硫酸銅法檢驗晶間腐蝕的結果往往與工程實際不符合。此時，一般應選用更高濃度的硫酸。美、日、俄及ISO標準中都包含了更高濃度的硫酸-硫酸銅法，鑒于我國超級不銹鋼使用的日益廣泛，將更高濃度的硫酸法納入標準已顯得非常迫切。 當前，由于我國標準體系在高鉻鉬含量不銹鋼及雙相不銹鋼晶間腐蝕試驗方法方面的不夠完善，導致國內部分不銹鋼產品在晶間腐蝕檢驗時面臨無相關國家標準可依的窘境，而只能選用國際標準。例如，針對雙相不銹鋼的晶間腐蝕檢驗，GB/T 21433-2008《不銹鋼壓力容器晶間腐蝕敏感性檢驗》就不得不引用了ISO 3651-(1~2)。 鑒于近年來不銹鋼產業在我國的迅猛發展，將適用于高鉻鉬含量奧氏體不銹鋼及雙相不銹鋼的晶間腐蝕試驗方法納入不銹鋼的晶間腐蝕試驗標準顯得日益迫切。結合國外標準及我國對晶間腐蝕試驗方法的使用情況，本次標準的修訂將在GB/T 4334-2008的基礎上增加銅-硫酸銅-35%硫酸法及40%硫酸-硫酸鐵法。

3. 對取樣(yang)和(he)制備(bei)、試驗報告進行了部分調整   

   GB/T 31935-2015及GB/T 32571-2016內容中關于(yu)“取樣(yang)(yang)(yang)和(he)(he)制備”及“試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)報告”部分(fen)參(can)考了(le)GB/T 4334-2008標(biao)準(zhun)，并(bing)同時(shi)進(jin)行了(le)很好的(de)(de)改進(jin)，體現(xian)了(le)“先進(jin)性(xing)、科學(xue)性(xing)和(he)(he)合理性(xing)”；本(ben)次GB/T 4334的(de)(de)修訂在“取樣(yang)(yang)(yang)和(he)(he)制備”及“試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)報告”部分(fen)與上(shang)述兩標(biao)準(zhun)進(jin)行了(le)適(shi)當(dang)的(de)(de)等同，既保證(zheng)了(le)本(ben)標(biao)準(zhun)的(de)(de)先進(jin)性(xing)，同時(shi)又使不同類型不銹鋼的(de)(de)晶間腐蝕試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)取樣(yang)(yang)(yang)標(biao)準(zhun)得到了(le)統一。此外(wai)，對于(yu)彎曲法的(de)(de)取樣(yang)(yang)(yang)根據GB/T 4338-2008標(biao)準(zhun)在實(shi)(shi)際使用過程中遇(yu)到的(de)(de)問題以(yi)及多(duo)方意見增(zeng)加了(le)附(fu)注，即(ji)“對于(yu)較(jiao)厚的(de)(de)試(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)，若(ruo)無(wu)法彎曲兩個(ge)被檢驗(yan)面，則可取兩組各(ge)兩個(ge)試(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)。取樣(yang)(yang)(yang)時(shi)標(biao)記出各(ge)試(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)相同的(de)(de)某一樣(yang)(yang)(yang)面。試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)后，兩組試(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)分(fen)別彎曲被標(biao)記面和(he)(he)未標(biao)記面”，增(zeng)加了(le)標(biao)準(zhun)的(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)用性(xing)和(he)(he)可操作(zuo)性(xing)。 

4. 對敏化制度(du)進行了部分調整   

   早(zao)期(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)晶間(jian)(jian)腐(fu)蝕(shi)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)主要為(wei)(wei)(wei)美(mei)、俄兩(liang)(liang)(liang)個體(ti)系(xi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)，其(qi)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)在當時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)均為(wei)(wei)(wei) 2h，20世紀70年代(dai)后(hou)(hou)(hou)均改(gai)為(wei)(wei)(wei)1h，說(shuo)明(ming)(ming)(ming)2h偏(pian)長。根(gen)據合(he)肥(fei)通用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)機械研(yan)究院的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)量(liang)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)分析(xi)，8mm左右(you)厚度(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)18-8鋼(gang)(gang)板(ban)，正常焊條電(dian)弧焊試(shi)(shi)(shi)樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)晶間(jian)(jian)腐(fu)蝕(shi)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)程度(du)(du)(du)(du)大(da)(da)(da)約(yue)不(bu)(bu)超(chao)過鋼(gang)(gang)板(ban)試(shi)(shi)(shi)樣經650°C敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)15min的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)晶間(jian)(jian)腐(fu)蝕(shi)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)程度(du)(du)(du)(du)。所(suo)以(yi)一(yi)般認為(wei)(wei)(wei)GB/T 4334-2008標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)要求(qiu)(qiu)650°C保溫(wen)(wen)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)小時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要求(qiu)(qiu)是(shi)相對(dui)(dui)(dui)較嚴苛的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，該參數最早(zao)也源自日(ri)本(ben)JIS G 0571~0575-1980。但(dan)日(ri)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)在1999年的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)修(xiu)訂版(ban)中(zhong)就(jiu)將(jiang)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)與ISO進行(xing)了(le)等(deng)同(tong)，從(cong)而將(jiang)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)大(da)(da)(da)大(da)(da)(da)縮(suo)短了(le)。GB/T 4334.2-2000、GB/T 4334.3-2000、GB/T 4334.4-2000對(dui)(dui)(dui)低碳(tan)和(he)穩(wen)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)奧(ao)(ao)氏體(ti)不(bu)(bu)銹鋼(gang)(gang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)作(zuo)出(chu)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)后(hou)(hou)(hou)，都另外(wai)說(shuo)明(ming)(ming)(ming)“根(gen)據雙(shuang)(shuang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)協(xie)(xie)議(yi)，也可(ke)(ke)以(yi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)其(qi)他敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)處理(li)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)”，而在GB/T 4334.1-2000和(he)GB/T 4334.5-2000中(zhong)，卻沒(mei)(mei)有關于(yu)協(xie)(xie)商(shang)(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)條款(kuan)。到(dao)了(le)GB/T 4334-2008版(ban)中(zhong)，則(ze)把所(suo)有方(fang)(fang)(fang)法的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)統一(yi)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)為(wei)(wei)(wei)“對(dui)(dui)(dui)超(chao)低碳(tan)鋼(gang)(gang)（碳(tan)含量(liang)不(bu)(bu)大(da)(da)(da)于(yu)0.03%）和(he)穩(wen)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)鋼(gang)(gang)種(zhong)(zhong)（添加(jia)(jia)鈦或(huo)鈮(ni)），敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)處理(li)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)650℃，壓力(li)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)試(shi)(shi)(shi)樣保溫(wen)(wen)2h，鑄(zhu)件保溫(wen)(wen)1 h，空(kong)冷。”而無供(gong)需(xu)雙(shuang)(shuang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)協(xie)(xie)商(shang)(shang)(shang)條款(kuan)。對(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)這一(yi)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)，從(cong)各工(gong)業企業反饋的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意見來(lai)看，普遍認為(wei)(wei)(wei)這一(yi)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)限(xian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)過于(yu)死板(ban)，導致試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)沒(mei)(mei)有任何調(diao)整空(kong)間(jian)(jian)。而實際上(shang)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)牌號(hao)、不(bu)(bu)同(tong)合(he)金含量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)銹鋼(gang)(gang)，其(qi)第二相析(xi)出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)感(gan)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)是(shi)有差(cha)異的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，將(jiang)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)限(xian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)在一(yi)個固定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)顯(xian)然不(bu)(bu)夠合(he)理(li)，美(mei)國ASTM A262標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)范圍為(wei)(wei)(wei)650~675°C，同(tong)時(shi)也允(yun)許(xu)供(gong)需(xu)雙(shuang)(shuang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)協(xie)(xie)商(shang)(shang)(shang)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)及(ji)(ji)隨后(hou)(hou)(hou)冷卻方(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)，ISO及(ji)(ji)日(ri)本(ben)JIS標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)對(dui)(dui)(dui)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)也提供(gong)了(le)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)選擇。可(ke)(ke)以(yi)說(shuo)，將(jiang)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)嚴格限(xian)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)在一(yi)個溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)明(ming)(ming)(ming)顯(xian)地違背了(le)科學性原則(ze)。 可(ke)(ke)以(yi)看到(dao)： (1) ASTM A262僅強(qiang)制(zhi)(zhi)要求(qiu)(qiu)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)650~675°C，對(dui)(dui)(dui)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)和(he)冷卻方(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)不(bu)(bu)作(zuo)強(qiang)制(zhi)(zhi)要求(qiu)(qiu)，但(dan)是(shi)推(tui)薦了(le)一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)常用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)，即 675°C，保溫(wen)(wen)1h； (2) ISO 3651-2提供(gong)了(le)兩(liang)(liang)(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)供(gong)選的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)、時(shi)間(jian)(jian)及(ji)(ji)冷卻方(fang)(fang)(fang)式(shi)均做出(chu)了(le)明(ming)(ming)(ming)確規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)； (3) JIS G 0575推(tui)薦采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)ISO 3651-2的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)，但(dan)特(te)(te)別說(shuo)明(ming)(ming)(ming)“經供(gong)需(xu)雙(shuang)(shuang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)協(xie)(xie)商(shang)(shang)(shang)，可(ke)(ke)以(yi)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)其(qi)他敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)”； (4) GB/T 4334-2008強(qiang)制(zhi)(zhi)要求(qiu)(qiu)執行(xing)一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)，即“650°C，壓力(li)加(jia)(jia)試(shi)(shi)(shi)樣保溫(wen)(wen)2h，鑄(zhu)件保溫(wen)(wen)1h，空(kong)冷”。 此外(wai)，美(mei)國ASTM A262在銅(tong)(tong)-硫酸銅(tong)(tong)-16%硫酸法中(zhong)，特(te)(te)別說(shuo)明(ming)(ming)(ming)除(chu)非需(xu)方(fang)(fang)(fang)特(te)(te)別聲明(ming)(ming)(ming)，否則(ze)可(ke)(ke)以(yi)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)ISO 3651-2中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)A法替代(dai)本(ben)法，同(tong)時(shi)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)ISO標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)提供(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)，這表明(ming)(ming)(ming) ASTM標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)對(dui)(dui)(dui)ISO標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)也是(shi)認可(ke)(ke)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。因(yin)此，針對(dui)(dui)(dui)晶間(jian)(jian)腐(fu)蝕(shi)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)處理(li)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)，標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)更(geng)新版(ban)不(bu)(bu)再作(zuo)強(qiang)制(zhi)(zhi)要求(qiu)(qiu)，考慮到(dao)國內長期(qi)以(yi)來(lai)一(yi)些設(she)計(ji)選材對(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)連續性要求(qiu)(qiu)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)奧(ao)(ao)氏體(ti)不(bu)(bu)銹鋼(gang)(gang)維持(chi)推(tui)薦采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)GB/T 4334-2008版(ban)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)；對(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)雙(shuang)(shuang)相不(bu)(bu)銹鋼(gang)(gang)，已(yi)有大(da)(da)(da)量(liang)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)和(he)研(yan)究表明(ming)(ming)(ming)，使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)GB/T 4334-2008版(ban)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)往往造成(cheng)試(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)過程中(zhong)試(shi)(shi)(shi)樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)非晶間(jian)(jian)腐(fu)蝕(shi)開裂，從(cong)而增加(jia)(jia)大(da)(da)(da)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鑒定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)工(gong)作(zuo)量(liang)，因(yin)此我們推(tui)薦采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)范圍更(geng)加(jia)(jia)廣泛的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)ISO3651-2的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)。對(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)其(qi)他不(bu)(bu)銹鋼(gang)(gang)，則(ze)規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)“試(shi)(shi)(shi)樣是(shi)否需(xu)要敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)處理(li)和(he)采(cai)(cai)取何種(zhong)(zhong)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)處理(li)制(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)，由(you)產品標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)或(huo)供(gong)需(xu)雙(shuang)(shuang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)協(xie)(xie)商(shang)(shang)(shang)確定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)”。

5. 對65%硝酸法(fa)所用(yong)硝酸濃度添(tian)加注(zhu)釋(shi)說明   

   此(ci)前研究表(biao)(biao)明，硝(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)濃(nong)度(du)(du)對試驗結果影響較大。對于(yu)(yu)硝(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)的(de)(de)(de)配(pei)制(zhi)，老版標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)有(you)專(zhuan)門(men)說明。如果按要(yao)(yao)求配(pei)制(zhi)65%±0.2%確實比(bi)較困難，需要(yao)(yao)通(tong)過滴定(ding)來配(pei)制(zhi)，對于(yu)(yu)企業(ye)(ye)來說存(cun)在(zai)困難。更(geng)新(xin)版標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)將(jiang)在(zai)文末添加“（ρ20=1.40g/mL）”以表(biao)(biao)示可(ke)以采用(yong)比(bi)重法(fa)間(jian)接測定(ding)所(suo)(suo)配(pei)溶液濃(nong)度(du)(du)是(shi)否符(fu)(fu)合(he)要(yao)(yao)求。 此(ci)外(wai)，從該(gai)方(fang)法(fa)的(de)(de)(de)溶液配(pei)制(zhi)過程(cheng)反饋的(de)(de)(de)情(qing)(qing)況看，有(you)些企業(ye)(ye)和單位會(hui)參照美國(guo)ASTM A262中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)配(pei)制(zhi)方(fang)法(fa)（比(bi)率為每升(sheng)濃(nong)硝(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)添加108mL水）配(pei)制(zhi)。但這在(zai)我國(guo)國(guo)情(qing)(qing)下是(shi)不(bu)可(ke)取(qu)的(de)(de)(de)。美標(biao)(biao)的(de)(de)(de)配(pei)制(zhi)方(fang)法(fa)本身沒有(you)問題，問題在(zai)于(yu)(yu)所(suo)(suo)用(yong)濃(nong)硝(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)的(de)(de)(de)濃(nong)度(du)(du)并不(bu)相(xiang)同。國(guo)際(ji)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)ISO和美國(guo)ASTM標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)中(zhong)對于(yu)(yu)濃(nong)硝(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)的(de)(de)(de)濃(nong)度(du)(du)規定(ding)是(shi)69%~71%;而(er)我國(guo)GB/T 626中(zhong)對于(yu)(yu)濃(nong)硝(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)的(de)(de)(de)濃(nong)度(du)(du)規定(ding)為65%~68%。即所(suo)(suo)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)濃(nong)硝(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)的(de)(de)(de)初始濃(nong)度(du)(du)就不(bu)一(yi)致，如果使用(yong)我國(guo)生產的(de)(de)(de)符(fu)(fu)合(he)GB/T 626的(de)(de)(de)濃(nong)硝(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)去按照美國(guo)ASTM A626中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)配(pei)制(zhi)方(fang)法(fa)配(pei)出的(de)(de)(de)硝(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)濃(nong)度(du)(du)將(jiang)明顯低于(yu)(yu)65%。遂在(zai)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)更(geng)新(xin)版中(zhong)添加一(yi)了段(duan)注釋(shi)：“本標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)所(suo)(suo)用(yong)硝(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)（質(zhi)量分數(shu)65%~68%），與美國(guo)ASTM A262所(suo)(suo)用(yong)硝(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)（質(zhi)量分數(shu)69%~71%）不(bu)同，不(bu)能(neng)采用(yong)ASTM A262所(suo)(suo)規定(ding)硝(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)溶液的(de)(de)(de)配(pei)制(zhi)方(fang)式來配(pei)制(zhi)本標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)用(yong)65%硝(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)溶液。”

6. 對(dui)彎曲法(fa)的參(can)數進行(xing)了修改   

   GB/T 4334自從第一(yi)版(ban)(ban)以來(lai)(lai)(lai)，就有(you)(you)行(xing)(xing)(xing)業專家認為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)其中(zhong)銅(tong)-硫(liu)酸銅(tong)-16%硫(liu)酸法(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)參(can)(can)數(shu)(shu)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)比國外(wai)過(guo)(guo)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)嚴(yan)苛，導(dao)致對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)此(ci)參(can)(can)數(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)爭議一(yi)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)較(jiao)大(da)(da)。GB/T 4334-2008對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)參(can)(can)數(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)定(ding)如下(xia)：“壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)管(guan)和焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)180°，焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)管(guan)舟形試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)沿(yan)垂直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)縫(feng)方(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)，焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)接(jie)頭(tou)沿(yan)熔合線(xian)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。鑄鋼(gang)(gang)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)90°。試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)，當試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)不(bu)(bu)大(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)1mm時，壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)1mm；當試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)大(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)1mm時，壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)5mm。”這一(yi)規(gui)定(ding)最早沿(yan)用(yong)(yong)自GB 4334.5-1990。當時的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)認識是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結果影響較(jiao)小，為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)了(le)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)方(fang)便而統一(yi)成兩個壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)。 然而，近年來(lai)(lai)(lai)無論是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)理(li)論計算還是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)實(shi)際(ji)(ji)實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)都表明壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結果有(you)(you)很大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響。尤其是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)較(jiao)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)且本(ben)身(shen)塑(su)(su)性(xing)(xing)(xing)較(jiao)差的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)，采(cai)用(yong)(yong)5mm的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)往(wang)往(wang)會出(chu)現試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)由(you)(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)冷塑(su)(su)性(xing)(xing)(xing)較(jiao)差而導(dao)致開(kai)(kai)裂的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況，從而增加(jia)了(le)大(da)(da)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)金(jin)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)檢測工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)。例如大(da)(da)量(liang)(liang)實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)研(yan)究表明，焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)接(jie)頭(tou)由(you)(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)塑(su)(su)性(xing)(xing)(xing)本(ben)身(shen)較(jiao)差，即使(shi)不(bu)(bu)經(jing)(jing)晶(jing)(jing)間(jian)(jian)腐蝕(shi)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)，許多(duo)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)稍厚(hou)(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空白(bai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)按(an)GB/T 4334-2008標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)到(dao)180°也會由(you)(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)冷變形超(chao)過(guo)(guo)其塑(su)(su)性(xing)(xing)(xing)而導(dao)致開(kai)(kai)裂。對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)這類低塑(su)(su)性(xing)(xing)(xing)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)，ASTM標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)特意(yi)聲明，不(bu)(bu)須彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)180°，而是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)未(wei)經(jing)(jing)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空白(bai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)來(lai)(lai)(lai)獲得該材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)不(bu)(bu)產生(sheng)冷彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)裂紋的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最大(da)(da)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)，并以此(ci)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)晶(jing)(jing)間(jian)(jian)腐蝕(shi)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)后(hou)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)來(lai)(lai)(lai)評定(ding)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)否產生(sheng)晶(jing)(jing)間(jian)(jian)腐蝕(shi)開(kai)(kai)裂。ISO 3651-2對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)頭(tou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)頭(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)不(bu)(bu)大(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兩倍(bei)(bei)，鑄件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)頭(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)不(bu)(bu)大(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)4倍(bei)(bei)。對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)小于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)90°。 此(ci)外(wai)，我(wo)國鎳(nie)基(ji)合金(jin)晶(jing)(jing)間(jian)(jian)腐蝕(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)GB/T 15260-2016對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)參(can)(can)數(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)定(ding)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，“壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)半徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)等于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兩倍(bei)(bei)，試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)180度(du)(du)(du)(du)”，與(yu)此(ci)同(tong)時，也特別說明“對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)韌(ren)性(xing)(xing)(xing)低的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)，應(ying)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)一(yi)個與(yu)被試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)同(tong)材(cai)(cai)質(zhi)及(ji)形狀(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空白(bai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)決定(ding)不(bu)(bu)發生(sheng)裂紋的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最大(da)(da)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)”，這與(yu)ASTM A262是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)似的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。有(you)(you)行(xing)(xing)(xing)業專家認為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)，標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)先進(jin)(jin)(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)在(zai)(zai)(zai)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)科學(xue)性(xing)(xing)(xing)和合理(li)性(xing)(xing)(xing)，而并非(fei)嚴(yan)苛性(xing)(xing)(xing)。當前GB/T 4334-2008對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)參(can)(can)數(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求過(guo)(guo)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)嚴(yan)苛，導(dao)致了(le)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)該標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)中(zhong)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)E往(wang)往(wang)增加(jia)了(le)很大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)后(hou)期檢驗(yan)(yan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)量(liang)(liang)，方(fang)法(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)用(yong)(yong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)也因(yin)此(ci)大(da)(da)大(da)(da)降低，遠(yuan)不(bu)(bu)能滿足當前工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程實(shi)際(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需要(yao)(yao)。因(yin)此(ci)，結合眾多(duo)專家意(yi)見及(ji)文獻，參(can)(can)考(kao)ASTM A262、ISO 3651-2以及(ji)我(wo)國GB/T 15260對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)法(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)參(can)(can)數(shu)(shu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)更改(gai)(gai)非(fei)常有(you)(you)必要(yao)(yao)。 本(ben)次彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)參(can)(can)數(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)修改(gai)(gai)參(can)(can)照(zhao)ISO標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)，經(jing)(jing)修改(gai)(gai)后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)參(can)(can)數(shu)(shu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)：“壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)180°。鑄鋼(gang)(gang)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)管(guan)和焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)不(bu)(bu)小于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)90°，焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)管(guan)舟形試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)沿(yan)垂直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)縫(feng)方(fang)向(xiang)(xiang)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)，焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)接(jie)頭(tou)沿(yan)熔合線(xian)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)低韌(ren)性(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)，可用(yong)(yong)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)一(yi)個未(wei)經(jing)(jing)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)確定(ding)其不(bu)(bu)發生(sheng)開(kai)(kai)裂的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最大(da)(da)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)，以此(ci)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)。”在(zai)(zai)(zai)GB/T 4334-2008版(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎上，保留了(le)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)180°，對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)管(guan)和焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)規(gui)定(ding)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)由(you)(you)原來(lai)(lai)(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)180°變為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)“不(bu)(bu)小于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)90°”，主要(yao)(yao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)考(kao)慮到(dao)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)本(ben)身(shen)塑(su)(su)性(xing)(xing)(xing)較(jiao)差，當前工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)業上對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)也常采(cai)用(yong)(yong)90°彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)鑄件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)90°變為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)不(bu)(bu)小于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)90°求兼容了(le)此(ci)前版(ban)(ban)本(ben)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求。 此(ci)外(wai)，還針對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)低塑(su)(su)性(xing)(xing)(xing)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)進(jin)(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)了(le)特別說明。對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)，此(ci)次變更“對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)應(ying)不(bu)(bu)大(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)2倍(bei)(bei)；對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)鑄鋼(gang)(gang)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)管(guan)和焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)，試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)應(ying)不(bu)(bu)大(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)4倍(bei)(bei)”，這與(yu)ISO標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)等同(tong)。相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)ASTM標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優點(dian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)不(bu)(bu)需要(yao)(yao)針對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)每個厚(hou)(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)。至于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)原來(lai)(lai)(lai)5mm的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)新的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)規(gui)定(ding)下(xia)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)而言(yan)適(shi)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)大(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)2.5mm的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)所有(you)(you)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)鑄件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)等低塑(su)(su)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)則適(shi)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)厚(hou)(hou)(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)1.25mm的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)。

7. 對標準(zhun)名稱(cheng)進行了變更   

   近年來，由于鐵素體不(bu)銹(xiu)鋼的晶間腐蝕標準GB/T 31935-2015《金屬和合金的腐蝕 低鉻鐵素體不銹鋼晶間腐蝕試驗方法》、GB/T 32571-2016《金屬和合金的腐蝕 高鉻鐵素體不銹鋼晶間腐蝕試驗方法》先后發布，對于鐵素體不銹鋼而言已經有了獨立的晶間腐蝕試驗標準體系，所以GB/T 4334-2008《金屬和合金的腐蝕 不銹鋼晶間腐蝕試驗方法》這一名稱已明顯不合適，本次修訂后，GB/T 4334的適用范圍將包括奧氏體不銹鋼以及雙相不銹鋼，遂將標準名稱改成“金屬和合金的腐蝕 奧氏體及雙相(鐵素體-奧氏體)不銹鋼晶間腐蝕試驗方法”。