凡是(shi)(shi)兩(liang)端(duan)開(kai)口并具(ju)有(you)中(zhong)(zhong)空斷(duan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)，而(er)且其長度與斷(duan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)周長之(zhi)比較(jiao)(jiao)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)材(cai)(cai)，都可(ke)以稱(cheng)(cheng)為鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)。當長度與斷(duan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)周長之(zhi)比較(jiao)(jiao)小(xiao)時(shi)，可(ke)稱(cheng)(cheng)為管(guan)(guan)段或管(guan)(guan)形配件(jian)，它們都屬于管(guan)(guan)材(cai)(cai)產品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)范疇。鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)是(shi)(shi)一種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)斷(duan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)材(cai)(cai)，是(shi)(shi)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)鐵(tie)工業(ye)(ye)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一項重要(yao)(yao)產品(pin)，通常占全部鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)材(cai)(cai)總量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)8%~16%左右，它在(zai)國民經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應用(yong)范圍極為廣泛。由于鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)具(ju)有(you)空心斷(duan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)，因(yin)而(er)最(zui)適合(he)作液體、氣體和(he)(he)固體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輸送(song)管(guan)(guan)道；同時(shi)與相同重量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)圓(yuan)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)比較(jiao)(jiao)，鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)斷(duan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)系數(shu)(shu)大(da)(da)、抗(kang)彎抗(kang)扭強度大(da)(da)，所(suo)(suo)以也成(cheng)(cheng)為各(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)械(xie)和(he)(he)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)結(jie)構(gou)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)(yao)材(cai)(cai)料。用(yong)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)制(zhi)(zhi)成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)構(gou)和(he)(he)部件(jian)，在(zai)重量(liang)相等(deng)(deng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況下，比實心零部件(jian)具(ju)有(you)更大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)截(jie)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)模數(shu)(shu)。所(suo)(suo)以，鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)本身就是(shi)(shi)一種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)節約金(jin)屬的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)斷(duan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)材(cai)(cai)，它是(shi)(shi)高效鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)材(cai)(cai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一個重要(yao)(yao)組成(cheng)(cheng)部分(fen)，尤其在(zai)石油鉆(zhan)采、冶煉(lian)和(he)(he)輸送(song)等(deng)(deng)行業(ye)(ye)需求較(jiao)(jiao)大(da)(da)，其次地質鉆(zhan)探、化工、建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)工業(ye)(ye)、機(ji)械(xie)工業(ye)(ye)、飛機(ji)和(he)(he)汽車(che)制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)以及鍋爐、醫療器械(xie)、家具(ju)和(he)(he)自(zi)行車(che)制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)等(deng)(deng)方面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)也都需要(yao)(yao)大(da)(da)量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)各(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)。近年來(lai)，隨著(zhu)原子(zi)能、火箭、導彈(dan)和(he)(he)航(hang)天(tian)工業(ye)(ye)等(deng)(deng)新技術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發展，鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)在(zai)國防工業(ye)(ye)、科學技術(shu)和(he)(he)經(jing)濟(ji)(ji)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地位愈加重要(yao)(yao)。


  鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)的種類(lei)繁多(duo)，用途不(bu)同(tong)，其(qi)(qi)技術要求各(ge)異，生產(chan)方法(fa)亦有所不(bu)同(tong)。目前生產(chan)的鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)外徑范圍(wei)0.1~4500mm、壁厚范圍(wei)0.01~250mm.為(wei)了區分其(qi)(qi)特點，通常按如下的方法(fa)對鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)進行(xing)分類(lei)。


1. 按生產(chan)方式分類


  鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)按(an)生產方(fang)式分為(wei)無(wu)(wu)縫(feng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)和焊(han)管(guan)(guan)(guan)兩大類，無(wu)(wu)縫(feng)鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)又可分為(wei)熱軋管(guan)(guan)(guan)，冷(leng)軋管(guan)(guan)(guan)、冷(leng)拔(ba)管(guan)(guan)(guan)和擠壓管(guan)(guan)(guan)等，冷(leng)拔(ba)、冷(leng)軋是鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)二次加工；焊(han)管(guan)(guan)(guan)分為(wei)直(zhi)縫(feng)焊(han)管(guan)(guan)(guan)和螺旋焊(han)管(guan)(guan)(guan)等。


2. 按鋼管的斷(duan)面形狀分類


  鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)按橫斷面形(xing)狀可(ke)(ke)分為圓管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)和(he)異(yi)形(xing)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。異(yi)形(xing)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)有(you)矩(ju)形(xing)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、菱形(xing)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、橢圓管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、六方管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、八方管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)以(yi)及各(ge)種(zhong)斷面不對稱管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)等。異(yi)形(xing)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)廣泛用于各(ge)種(zhong)結構件、工具和(he)機械零部件。與圓管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)相(xiang)比，異(yi)形(xing)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)一(yi)般都有(you)較大的(de)慣性矩(ju)和(he)截面模數，有(you)較大的(de)抗彎、抗扭能(neng)力，可(ke)(ke)以(yi)大大減輕結構重量，節約鋼材。


  鋼管按縱斷(duan)(duan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)形(xing)狀可分為等斷(duan)(duan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)管和變斷(duan)(duan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)管。變斷(duan)(duan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)管有(you)錐形(xing)管、階梯形(xing)管和周(zhou)期斷(duan)(duan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)管等。


3. 按鋼管的材(cai)質分類


  鋼管按材質分為普通碳素鋼管、優質碳素結構鋼管、合金結構管、合金鋼管、軸承鋼管、不(bu)銹鋼管以及為節省貴重金屬和滿足特殊要求的雙金屬復合管、鍍層和涂層管等。


4. 按管端(duan)形狀(zhuang)分類


  鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan)根據管(guan)(guan)(guan)端(duan)(duan)狀(zhuang)態(tai)可分(fen)為(wei)光(guang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)和(he)(he)車絲管(guan)(guan)(guan)（帶螺紋(wen)鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan)）。車絲管(guan)(guan)(guan)又可分(fen)為(wei)普通車絲管(guan)(guan)(guan)（輸送水、煤氣等低壓用(yong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)，采用(yong)普通圓柱(zhu)或(huo)圓錐管(guan)(guan)(guan)螺紋(wen)連接）和(he)(he)特殊螺紋(wen)管(guan)(guan)(guan)（石油、地(di)質鉆探用(yong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)，對(dui)于重要(yao)的車絲管(guan)(guan)(guan)，采用(yong)特殊螺紋(wen)連接），對(dui)一些特殊用(yong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)，為(wei)彌補螺紋(wen)對(dui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)端(duan)(duan)強(qiang)度(du)的影響，通常在車絲前(qian)先進(jin)行管(guan)(guan)(guan)端(duan)(duan)加(jia)(jia)厚(hou)(hou)（內加(jia)(jia)厚(hou)(hou)、外加(jia)(jia)厚(hou)(hou)或(huo)內外加(jia)(jia)厚(hou)(hou)）。


5. 按外徑D和壁厚S之比(bi)（D/S)分類


  按外徑D和(he)壁厚S之(zhi)比的(de)不同將鋼(gang)管(guan)分為(wei)特厚管(guan)（D/S≤10)、厚壁管(guan)（D/S=10~20)、薄(bo)壁管(guan)（D/S=20~40)和(he)極薄(bo)壁管(guan)（D/S≥40)。


6. 按用途分類(lei)


  按用(yong)途可分(fen)為油(you)(you)井管(guan)(guan)（套(tao)管(guan)(guan)、油(you)(you)管(guan)(guan)及鉆桿等）、管(guan)(guan)線管(guan)(guan)、鍋爐管(guan)(guan)、機械(xie)結(jie)構(gou)管(guan)(guan)、液(ye)壓支(zhi)柱管(guan)(guan)、氣瓶管(guan)(guan)、地質管(guan)(guan)、化(hua)(hua)工用(yong)管(guan)(guan)（高壓化(hua)(hua)肥管(guan)(guan)、石油(you)(you)裂(lie)化(hua)(hua)管(guan)(guan)）和船舶用(yong)管(guan)(guan)等。