在一些檢修部門，習慣用手工來研磨香蕉視頻app蘋果:閥門密封面。手工研磨只使用簡單的研磨工具而不需復雜的研磨設備，但這是一種費力的工作，生產效率很低，研磨質量主要依靠工人的技術水平來保證，因此研磨質量往往不夠穩定。

  手工(gong)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)分為粗(cu)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)、精(jing)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)和(he)(he)拋光等(deng)。粗(cu)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)是(shi)(shi)為了消(xiao)除密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)上的(de)(de)(de)擦傷、壓痕、蝕點等(deng)缺陷，提高(gao)(gao)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)平整度(du)(du)(du)和(he)(he)降(jiang)低粗(cu)糙(cao)度(du)(du)(du)，為密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)精(jing)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)打下(xia)基礎。精(jing)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)是(shi)(shi)為了消(xiao)除密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)上的(de)(de)(de)粗(cu)紋路(lu)，進(jin)一(yi)步提高(gao)(gao)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)平整度(du)(du)(du)和(he)(he)降(jiang)低粗(cu)糙(cao)度(du)(du)(du)。拋光的(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)(yao)(yao)是(shi)(shi)降(jiang)低密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)粗(cu)糙(cao)度(du)(du)(du)，一(yi)般(ban)用于粗(cu)糙(cao)度(du)(du)(du)Ra在0.2μm以下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)。手工(gong)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)管粗(cu)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)還(huan)是(shi)(shi)精(jing)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)，整個過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)始終(zhong)貫(guan)穿提起、放下(xia)、旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)、往(wang)復(fu)、輕(qing)敲、換向等(deng)操(cao)作(zuo)相結(jie)合的(de)(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)。其(qi)目的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)避免磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)粒軌(gui)跡(ji)重(zhong)復(fu)，使密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)得到(dao)(dao)均(jun)勻的(de)(de)(de)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)削，提高(gao)(gao)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)平整度(du)(du)(du)，降(jiang)低粗(cu)糙(cao)度(du)(du)(du)。在研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)始終(zhong)貫(guan)穿著檢(jian)驗過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)，其(qi)目的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)隨(sui)時(shi)(shi)掌握研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)情況，做(zuo)到(dao)(dao)心中(zhong)有數(shu)，使研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)質量達到(dao)(dao)技術(shu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求。在研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)，清(qing)潔(jie)工(gong)作(zuo)是(shi)(shi)很重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)環節，應(ying)做(zuo)到(dao)(dao)“三不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)落(luo)(luo)地”，即(ji)被研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)件不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)落(luo)(luo)地、工(gong)具(ju)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)落(luo)(luo)地、物(wu)料不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)落(luo)(luo)地；“三不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)見天”，即(ji)顯示(shi)劑用后(hou)(hou)上蓋、研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)劑用后(hou)(hou)上蓋、稀(xi)釋劑（液）用后(hou)(hou)上蓋；“三干(gan)(gan)凈(jing)”，即(ji)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)具(ju)用前要(yao)(yao)(yao)抹洗(xi)干(gan)(gan)凈(jing)、密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)要(yao)(yao)(yao)清(qing)洗(xi)干(gan)(gan)凈(jing)、更換研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)劑時(shi)(shi)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)具(ju)和(he)(he)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)要(yao)(yao)(yao)抹洗(xi)干(gan)(gan)凈(jing)。研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)中(zhong)應(ying)注意(yi)檢(jian)查研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)具(ju)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)與密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)外任何(he)疤點臺肩相摩擦，使研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)具(ju)運動平穩，保證(zheng)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)質量。經過(guo)(guo)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)氨、滲(shen)(shen)(shen)硼等(deng)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)處理(li)的(de)(de)(de)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)，研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)時(shi)(shi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)小心謹慎，因為滲(shen)(shen)(shen)透層的(de)(de)(de)硬度(du)(du)(du)隨(sui)著研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)量增大而明顯下(xia)降(jiang)，研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)時(shi)(shi)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)削量應(ying)盡量小，最好進(jin)行(xing)拋光使用，至少要(yao)(yao)(yao)精(jing)研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)后(hou)(hou)使用，如達不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)到(dao)(dao)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求，就將殘(can)存的(de)(de)(de)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)透層磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)掉，重(zhong)新滲(shen)(shen)(shen)透處理(li)，恢復(fu)原有密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)性能。用于深冷(leng)(leng)的(de)(de)(de)閥門(men)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)要(yao)(yao)(yao)經過(guo)(guo)深冷(leng)(leng)定型(xing)處理(li)后(hou)(hou)再研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)，否則(ze)，研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)好的(de)(de)(de)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)一(yi)經深冷(leng)(leng)就會(hui)變形。深冷(leng)(leng)處理(li)可(ke)在液氨中(zhong)進(jin)行(xing)。刀(dao)型(xing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)一(yi)般(ban)寬度(du)(du)(du)為0.5~0.8mm,接近(jin)線密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)。研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)后(hou)(hou)，密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)會(hui)變寬，應(ying)注意(yi)恢復(fu)刀(dao)型(xing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)原有的(de)(de)(de)尺寸，可(ke)用車削或研(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)刀(dao)型(xing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)兩(liang)斜面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)方法恢復(fu)寬度(du)(du)(du)尺寸。

  研具使用后應(ying)進(jin)行一次檢查，對平整度(du)不(bu)高的平面要修理好，并應(ying)清洗干凈，保持完(wan)整。要分(fen)門別(bie)類地把研磨工(gong)具擺放(fang)在工(gong)具箱內，以便以后使用。

  研(yan)磨分平面(mian)密封面(mian)研(yan)磨、錐形(xing)密封面(mian)研(yan)磨、圓(yuan)弧密封面(mian)研(yan)磨、圓(yuan)柱體密封面(mian)研(yan)磨等幾(ji)種(zhong)。

①. 閥體平(ping)面密封面的(de)研磨 

  閥(fa)體密封(feng)(feng)平面位于閥(fa)體內(nei)腔，研磨比較困難。通常使用帶(dai)方(fang)孔的(de)圓(yuan)盤狀(zhuang)研磨工具(ju)，放在(zai)內(nei)腔的(de)密封(feng)(feng)面上(shang)，再用帶(dai)方(fang)頭的(de)長柄手把來帶(dai)動研盤運(yun)動。研盤上(shang)有圓(yuan)柱凸(tu)臺或(huo)引導墊(dian)片，以防止在(zai)研磨過(guo)程中研具(ju)局部離(li)開環狀(zhuang)密封(feng)(feng)面而(er)造(zao)成研磨不勻的(de)現象。圖4-71為閘閥(fa)密封(feng)(feng)面的(de)手工研磨。

  研(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)前(qian)應將研(yan)(yan)(yan)具工作面(mian)(mian)用丙酮或(huo)汽(qi)油擦凈，并(bing)去除閥(fa)體密(mi)(mi)封(feng)面(mian)(mian)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)飛邊、毛(mao)刺，再在密(mi)(mi)封(feng)面(mian)(mian)上(shang)涂敷(fu)一層(ceng)研(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)劑。研(yan)(yan)(yan)具放入閥(fa)體內腔時(shi)(shi)，要(yao)仔細地貼合(he)(he)在密(mi)(mi)封(feng)面(mian)(mian)上(shang)，然后采(cai)用長柄手(shou)把使(shi)研(yan)(yan)(yan)盤(pan)(pan)做正、反方向(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)回轉運動(dong)。先(xian)順(shun)時(shi)(shi)針回轉180°,再逆時(shi)(shi)針回轉90°,如此反復地進(jin)行。一般回轉10余次后研(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)劑中的(de)(de)(de)磨(mo)粒便(bian)已磨(mo)鈍，故應該經常(chang)抬(tai)起(qi)研(yan)(yan)(yan)盤(pan)(pan)來添(tian)新的(de)(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)劑。研(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)的(de)(de)(de)壓力要(yao)均勻，且不宜過大。粗研(yan)(yan)(yan)時(shi)(shi)壓力可(ke)(ke)(ke)大些，精研(yan)(yan)(yan)時(shi)(shi)應較(jiao)小。應注(zhu)意(yi)不要(yao)因施加壓力使(shi)研(yan)(yan)(yan)具局部脫開密(mi)(mi)封(feng)平(ping)(ping)面(mian)(mian)。研(yan)(yan)(yan)磨(mo)一段(duan)時(shi)(shi)間后，要(yao)檢(jian)查工件的(de)(de)(de)平(ping)(ping)面(mian)(mian)度(du)(du)。此時(shi)(shi)可(ke)(ke)(ke)取出(chu)研(yan)(yan)(yan)具，用丙酮或(huo)汽(qi)油將密(mi)(mi)封(feng)面(mian)(mian)擦凈，再將圓盤(pan)(pan)形的(de)(de)(de)檢(jian)驗(yan)平(ping)(ping)板(ban)輕(qing)輕(qing)放在密(mi)(mi)封(feng)面(mian)(mian)上(shang)并(bing)用手(shou)輕(qing)輕(qing)旋動(dong)，取出(chu)平(ping)(ping)板(ban)后就可(ke)(ke)(ke)觀察到(dao)(dao)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)面(mian)(mian)上(shang)出(chu)現的(de)(de)(de)接(jie)觸痕跡。當環狀密(mi)(mi)封(feng)面(mian)(mian)上(shang)均勻地顯示(shi)接(jie)觸痕跡，而徑向(xiang)最小接(jie)觸寬度(du)(du)與(yu)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)面(mian)(mian)寬度(du)(du)之比（即密(mi)(mi)封(feng)面(mian)(mian)與(yu)檢(jian)驗(yan)平(ping)(ping)板(ban)的(de)(de)(de)吻合(he)(he)度(du)(du)）達到(dao)(dao)工藝上(shang)規(gui)定的(de)(de)(de)數值時(shi)(shi)，平(ping)(ping)面(mian)(mian)度(du)(du)就可(ke)(ke)(ke)認為合(he)(he)格(ge)。為了保證檢(jian)驗(yan)的(de)(de)(de)準確性，檢(jian)驗(yan)平(ping)(ping)板(ban)應經常(chang)檢(jian)查、修整(zheng)。

②. 閘板(ban)、閥瓣平面密(mi)封面的研磨(mo) 

  閘板(ban)(ban)、閥瓣和閥座的(de)密封平(ping)(ping)(ping)面(mian)可使用(yong)研(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)平(ping)(ping)(ping)板(ban)(ban)來手(shou)工研(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)。研(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)平(ping)(ping)(ping)板(ban)(ban)平(ping)(ping)(ping)面(mian)應平(ping)(ping)(ping)整。研(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)用(yong)平(ping)(ping)(ping)板(ban)(ban)分刻(ke)槽平(ping)(ping)(ping)板(ban)(ban)和光滑平(ping)(ping)(ping)板(ban)(ban)兩種，如圖(tu)4-72所示(shi)。研(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)工作(zuo)前，先用(yong)丙酮或汽(qi)油(you)將(jiang)研(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)平(ping)(ping)(ping)板(ban)(ban)的(de)表面(mian)擦干(gan)凈，然后在(zai)平(ping)(ping)(ping)板(ban)(ban)上(shang)均勻、適(shi)量地(di)涂一(yi)層研(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)劑，把(ba)需研(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)的(de)工件表面(mian)貼合在(zai)平(ping)(ping)(ping)板(ban)(ban)上(shang)即開始研(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)。用(yong)手(shou)一(yi)邊(bian)旋轉一(yi)邊(bian)做(zuo)直線運動(dong)，或做(zuo)“8”字形運動(dong)。由于研(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)運動(dong)方向的(de)不斷變更，使磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)粒不斷地(di)在(zai)新的(de)方向起(qi)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)削(xue)作(zuo)用(yong)，故可提高研(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)效率。圖(tu)4-73所示(shi)為閥體平(ping)(ping)(ping)面(mian)密封面(mian)的(de)手(shou)工研(yan)(yan)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)。

  為了避(bi)免研磨(mo)平(ping)(ping)(ping)板的(de)磨(mo)耗不(bu)均，不(bu)要總(zong)是在平(ping)(ping)(ping)板的(de)中部(bu)研磨(mo)，應沿(yan)平(ping)(ping)(ping)板的(de)全部(bu)表(biao)面上不(bu)斷變換部(bu)位，否則(ze)研磨(mo)平(ping)(ping)(ping)板將很快失去平(ping)(ping)(ping)面精(jing)度。

  閘(zha)(zha)板及(ji)有些閥座(zuo)呈楔(xie)狀，密封(feng)平(ping)面圓周上的質(zhi)量不均，厚(hou)(hou)薄(bo)不一致(zhi)，容(rong)易產生偏磨(mo)現象，厚(hou)(hou)的一頭(tou)容(rong)易多磨(mo)，薄(bo)的一頭(tou)會少磨(mo)。所(suo)以(yi)，在研磨(mo)楔(xie)式(shi)閘(zha)(zha)板密封(feng)面時，應(ying)附(fu)加一個平(ping)衡力(li)，使楔(xie)式(shi)閘(zha)(zha)板密封(feng)面均勻磨(mo)削。圖4-74所(suo)示為楔(xie)式(shi)閘(zha)(zha)板密封(feng)面的整(zheng)體研磨(mo)方法(fa)。