填料室的修理，包括填料更換和填料函部分的修理。香蕉視頻app蘋果:閥門填料應定期更換，小型閥門只要將繩狀填料按順時針方向順閥桿裝入填料室內，上緊壓蓋螺母即可。大型閥門填料最好采用方形斷面的，也可采用圓形的，壓入前應預先切成圈，接頭必須平整、無空隙、無凸起現象。選用填料時必須考慮使用條件和介質，一般說來，油浸石棉盤根可用于一定溫度的空氣、蒸汽、水和重油產品，橡膠石棉盤根可用于水、蒸汽和石油產品，石墨石棉盤根可用于高溫高壓條件下，尤以夾銅絲的石墨石棉盤根耐壓力更佳，高溫而又溫度多變的介質可用石棉加鉛盤根，強腐蝕介質可用浸聚四氟乙烯石棉盤根或用聚四氟乙烯編織的盤根。
壓(ya)緊(jin)填(tian)料室的(de)壓(ya)蓋(gai)(gai)時，應使壓(ya)蓋(gai)(gai)螺栓(shuan)同時、對(dui)稱(cheng)地(di)上(shang)緊(jin)，不(bu)要傾斜，并應留有供壓(ya)緊(jin)用的(de)間隙(xi)，如圖4-64所示。其間隙(xi)量為(wei)：公稱(cheng)尺(chi)寸(cun)DN100mm以(yi)下(xia)的(de)閥門(men)為(wei)20mm;公稱(cheng)尺(chi)寸(cun)DN100mm以(yi)上(shang)的(de)閥門(men)為(wei)30~40mm.壓(ya)蓋(gai)(gai)壓(ya)入填(tian)料室的(de)深度(du)(du)h不(bu)能小于填(tian)料室高度(du)(du)的(de)10%,也不(bu)能大于20%.
壓緊填料(liao)時(shi)，應同時(shi)轉(zhuan)動閥桿，以(yi)保(bao)持(chi)四周均勻，并防(fang)止壓得太死。加填料(liao)除(chu)應保(bao)證密封良好外(wai)，尚應保(bao)證閥桿轉(zhuan)動靈活。閥門(men)的填料(liao)室如(ru)在工作時(shi)有輕微泄(xie)(xie)漏(lou)，可將(jiang)(jiang)閥門(men)關閉，再緊一緊填料(liao)壓蓋；如(ru)泄(xie)(xie)漏(lou)嚴(yan)重，則應將(jiang)(jiang)填料(liao)全部更換(huan)。
填料的(de)切(qie)制(zhi)方法有手(shou)工。工具和機械切(qie)制(zhi)三(san)種。
1. 手工切制
目前常用一根盤(pan)根填(tian)料作試樣進行單根切(qie)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，這樣會(hui)使(shi)填(tian)料的長度(du)(du)或(huo)角度(du)(du)不同(tong)。填(tian)料的手工(gong)切(qie)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)如圖4-65所示(shi)，先備一根與閥桿直徑相等的木棒(bang)，將(jiang)盤(pan)根緊緊纏繞(rao)在木棒(bang)上(shang)，切(qie)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的角度(du)(du)為30°或(huo)45°,切(qie)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的刀刃應薄而鋒利，也可用細齒鋸(ju)條(tiao)鋸(ju)割(ge)，用此方(fang)法(fa)切(qie)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的盤(pan)根，其角度(du)(du)和長度(du)(du)均(jun)能一致(zhi)，精度(du)(du)和質量都較好。該方(fang)法(fa)的不足(zu)之處(chu)是需要(yao)專用木棒(bang)，切(qie)割(ge)線(xian)為弧形，切(qie)割(ge)不方(fang)便，切(qie)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)法(fa)不當時(shi)(shi)，纏繞(rao)在木棒(bang)上(shang)的盤(pan)根容易松(song)散。最好采用小鐵釘固定，切(qie)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)時(shi)(shi)，需一起割(ge)斷(duan)。
2. 工具切制
切(qie)盤(pan)根(gen)(gen)工具(ju)(ju)如圖4-66所示。該工具(ju)(ju)結構(gou)簡單，攜帶(dai)方便，切(qie)制角(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)和(he)(he)長(chang)度(du)(du)(du)(du)準確，無切(qie)口毛頭或(huo)(huo)盤(pan)根(gen)(gen)松散變形(xing)等缺陷，制作(zuo)質量高。切(qie)盤(pan)根(gen)(gen)工具(ju)(ju)上的(de)游(you)(you)(you)(you)標尺上有刻度(du)(du)(du)(du)，每格刻度(du)(du)(du)(du)值(zhi)為(wei)(wei)3.14mm,作(zuo)測量盤(pan)根(gen)(gen)長(chang)度(du)(du)(du)(du)用(yong)(yong)。游(you)(you)(you)(you)標可(ke)在標尺上滑動(dong)，上面(mian)有45°或(huo)(huo)30°的(de)凹角(jiao)，其頂點正好在看窗(chuang)刻度(du)(du)(du)(du)上，看窗(chuang)是對(dui)刻度(du)(du)(du)(du)用(yong)(yong)的(de)，游(you)(you)(you)(you)標上的(de)緊固螺(luo)釘作(zuo)固定游(you)(you)(you)(you)標用(yong)(yong)。游(you)(you)(you)(you)標尺的(de)截面(mian)為(wei)(wei)L形(xing)，凸邊起(qi)校直盤(pan)根(gen)(gen)的(de)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)。刀(dao)架(jia)外形(xing)為(wei)(wei)U形(xing)，角(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)與游(you)(you)(you)(you)標上的(de)角(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)(du)對(dui)應(ying)相(xiang)等。緊固螺(luo)桿和(he)(he)夾板活絡連接，作(zuo)夾持盤(pan)根(gen)(gen)用(yong)(yong)。
盤(pan)根(gen)(gen)切(qie)(qie)(qie)制時(shi)，按(an)閥(fa)桿直徑與填(tian)料寬度(du)之和，在(zai)游(you)標尺(chi)上(shang)(shang)取相對(dui)值(zhi)，再(zai)將游(you)標滑動到該值(zhi)上(shang)(shang)，對(dui)準看(kan)窗(chuang)上(shang)(shang)的(de)刻度(du)線，并用緊(jin)固(gu)螺釘固(gu)定游(you)標。例如閥(fa)桿直徑為(wei)20mm,盤(pan)根(gen)(gen)寬度(du)6mm,其和為(wei)26mm,對(dui)準游(you)標尺(chi)上(shang)(shang)26格，切(qie)(qie)(qie)下的(de)盤(pan)根(gen)(gen)長度(du)就(jiu)是(shi)所需長度(du)，即26π=81.68mm.切(qie)(qie)(qie)制時(shi)將盤(pan)根(gen)(gen)夾(jia)緊(jin)，用薄刀(dao)沿(yan)刀(dao)架邊(bian)切(qie)(qie)(qie)斷(duan)。然(ran)后(hou)將盤(pan)根(gen)(gen)切(qie)(qie)(qie)角(jiao)插入游(you)標凹角(jiao)內對(dui)準，盤(pan)根(gen)(gen)靠在(zai)游(you)標尺(chi)凸(tu)邊(bian)校直，用夾(jia)板夾(jia)緊(jin)，再(zai)用薄刀(dao)沿(yan)刀(dao)架切(qie)(qie)(qie)斷(duan)盤(pan)根(gen)(gen)。
3. 機械切制
在(zai)修理閥(fa)門的過程(cheng)中，對(dui)非標(biao)準的填料(liao)(liao)或(huo)無法購買到的填料(liao)(liao)，需要現(xian)制(zhi)現(xian)用。特別是(shi)對(dui)常用的V形塑(su)料(liao)(liao)填料(liao)(liao)，除(chu)用模具(ju)注塑(su)成形外，還可用車制(zhi)方法。
在車(che)制V形填料(liao)時，應選用(yong)有一定精(jing)度的(de)小型(xing)(xing)車(che)床，可采用(yong)成形車(che)刀加工。應特(te)別注意各(ge)型(xing)(xing)填料(liao)中相互(hu)配合的(de)尺寸(cun)和角度，并應符合粗(cu)糙度的(de)要求(qiu)。
另外，填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)函(han)和(he)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)底部的(de)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)墊多半(ban)為金屬，也需要進行車(che)加工配制。選用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)時(shi)，必須考(kao)慮使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)條件(jian)(jian)和(he)介質(zhi)，一般說來(lai)，油(you)浸(jin)石(shi)(shi)棉(mian)盤(pan)根(gen)(gen)可(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)一定溫(wen)(wen)度的(de)空氣、蒸汽、水和(he)重(zhong)油(you)產(chan)品(pin)；橡(xiang)膠石(shi)(shi)棉(mian)盤(pan)根(gen)(gen)可(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)水、蒸汽和(he)石(shi)(shi)油(you)產(chan)品(pin)；石(shi)(shi)墨(mo)石(shi)(shi)棉(mian)盤(pan)根(gen)(gen)可(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)水、蒸汽和(he)石(shi)(shi)油(you)產(chan)品(pin)；石(shi)(shi)墨(mo)石(shi)(shi)棉(mian)盤(pan)根(gen)(gen)可(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)高溫(wen)(wen)高壓(ya)條件(jian)(jian)下，尤以夾銅絲的(de)石(shi)(shi)墨(mo)石(shi)(shi)棉(mian)盤(pan)根(gen)(gen)耐壓(ya)力更佳；高溫(wen)(wen)而又溫(wen)(wen)度多變(bian)的(de)介質(zhi)可(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)石(shi)(shi)棉(mian)加鉛盤(pan)根(gen)(gen)；強(qiang)腐蝕介質(zhi)可(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)浸(jin)聚(ju)四氟(fu)乙烯(xi)石(shi)(shi)棉(mian)盤(pan)根(gen)(gen)或用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)聚(ju)四氟(fu)乙烯(xi)編織的(de)盤(pan)根(gen)(gen)。
裝(zhuang)填(tian)前，無(wu)石(shi)墨的石(shi)棉填(tian)料應涂上(shang)一層鱗片狀石(shi)墨粉，填(tian)料袋裝(zhuang)或(huo)盒裝(zhuang)，保(bao)持干凈。
石(shi)墨、密封膠應分別(bie)用盒裝(zhuang)上(shang)蓋，不能混(hun)入雜物(wu)。填料、石(shi)墨、密封膠隨用隨取，不得亂(luan)丟。
凡是(shi)能在閥(fa)桿(gan)上(shang)(shang)(shang)端套人填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)的(de)閥(fa)門，都應盡可能采取直接(jie)(jie)套入的(de)方(fang)(fang)法裝(zhuang)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)。套入后，可用(yong)壓具或卡(ka)箍(gu)借助閥(fa)桿(gan)轉動壓緊填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)。對(dui)于(yu)不能直接(jie)(jie)套入的(de)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)，應切成搭接(jie)(jie)形(xing)(xing)式，這(zhe)種(zhong)搭接(jie)(jie)方(fang)(fang)式對(dui)于(yu)O形(xing)(xing)圈(quan)和V形(xing)(xing)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)都是(shi)絕對(dui)禁止(zhi)的(de)，必(bi)要時柔(rou)性(xing)石(shi)(shi)墨(mo)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)也可采取搭接(jie)(jie)的(de)方(fang)(fang)式。圖(tu)4-67為(wei)搭接(jie)(jie)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)的(de)裝(zhuang)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)方(fang)(fang)法，將搭接(jie)(jie)口(kou)上(shang)(shang)(shang)下(xia)錯(cuo)開，傾(qing)斜后把填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)套在閥(fa)桿(gan)上(shang)(shang)(shang)，然(ran)后上(shang)(shang)(shang)下(xia)復原，使(shi)切口(kou)吻合，輕輕地(di)嵌入填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)函中。圖(tu)4-68(b)為(wei)錯(cuo)誤的(de)方(fang)(fang)法，它容易使(shi)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)變形(xing)(xing)，甚(shen)至(zhi)拉裂(lie)，對(dui)于(yu)柔(rou)性(xing)石(shi)(shi)墨(mo)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)，更應禁止(zhi)這(zhe)種(zhong)錯(cuo)誤操作。
填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)質量的好壞，直(zhi)接影響閥(fa)桿的密(mi)封(feng)(feng)，而(er)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)的第一(yi)(yi)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)（底圈(quan)(quan)(quan)）是關鍵，要再(zai)認真仔細地(di)檢查填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)函的底部是否平整(zheng)(zheng)，填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)墊是否裝(zhuang)(zhuang)妥，確認底面平整(zheng)(zheng)無歪斜時，再(zai)將(jiang)第一(yi)(yi)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)用(yong)壓(ya)具輕(qing)輕(qing)地(di)壓(ya)下底面，抽(chou)出壓(ya)具；檢查填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)是否平整(zheng)(zheng)，有無歪斜，搭(da)接吻合是否良好，再(zai)以壓(ya)具將(jiang)第一(yi)(yi)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)壓(ya)緊(jin)(jin)，但用(yong)力要適(shi)當(dang)，不(bu)能(neng)太大。應一(yi)(yi)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)一(yi)(yi)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)地(di)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)入填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)函中(zhong)，并且每裝(zhuang)(zhuang)一(yi)(yi)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)就壓(ya)緊(jin)(jin)一(yi)(yi)次，并應在每層(ceng)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)間加少(shao)許銀色石墨(mo)粉。不(bu)應連(lian)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)幾圈(quan)(quan)(quan)，一(yi)(yi)次壓(ya)緊(jin)(jin)，更不(bu)得使許多圈(quan)(quan)(quan)連(lian)成一(yi)(yi)條繞入填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)函中(zhong)，這種(zhong)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)法只能(neng)作臨(lin)時試壓(ya)作業用(yong)，不(bu)允(yun)許用(yong)作正(zheng)常運行閥(fa)門(men)的密(mi)封(feng)(feng)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)方式(shi)。正(zheng)確的方法是將(jiang)各圈(quan)(quan)(quan)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)的切口搭(da)接位(wei)置，相互錯(cuo)(cuo)開120°,這是目(mu)前普(pu)遍采用(yong)的裝(zhuang)(zhuang)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)方法。也(ye)有其他(ta)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)搭(da)口錯(cuo)(cuo)位(wei)方式(shi)，如填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)各圈(quan)(quan)(quan)搭(da)口互錯(cuo)(cuo)90°,也(ye)有90°和180°交互錯(cuo)(cuo)開。在裝(zhuang)(zhuang)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)的過程(cheng)中(zhong)，每裝(zhuang)(zhuang)1~2圈(quan)(quan)(quan)應旋轉一(yi)(yi)下閥(fa)桿，以檢查閥(fa)桿與(yu)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)是否卡(ka)阻，而(er)影響閥(fa)門(men)的啟閉。
選(xuan)擇填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)規(gui)格時，嚴禁以小代大，沒有合適寬(kuan)度的(de)(de)(de)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)時，允(yun)許(xu)用(yong)比填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)函(han)槽寬(kuan)1~2mm的(de)(de)(de)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)，但不允(yun)許(xu)用(yong)手錘打扁(bian)，而(er)應用(yong)平板或碾(nian)子均勻地(di)壓扁(bian)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)。壓制(zhi)后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)，如發現有質量(liang)問題，應停(ting)止使用(yong)。設(she)有分流(liu)環(huan)的(de)(de)(de)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)函(han)，應事先測量(liang)好(hao)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)函(han)深度和分流(liu)環(huan)的(de)(de)(de)位置。分流(liu)環(huan)要對準填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)函(han)的(de)(de)(de)引(yin)流(liu)管(guan)孔(kong)，允(yun)許(xu)稍(shao)微偏上，不準偏下。
填料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)函基本裝填滿后(hou)，應以(yi)(yi)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)蓋壓(ya)(ya)(ya)緊填料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)。操作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)時，兩邊(bian)螺栓對(dui)稱擰緊，用力(li)(li)均(jun)勻，壓(ya)(ya)(ya)蓋不(bu)得歪斜，以(yi)(yi)免(mian)填料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)偏或(huo)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)蓋接觸閥桿(gan)，增加閥桿(gan)摩擦阻力(li)(li)，壓(ya)(ya)(ya)套(tao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)人(ren)填料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)函內，也可(ke)以(yi)(yi)一(yi)圈填料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)高度(du)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)為壓(ya)(ya)(ya)套(tao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)入的(de)深(shen)度(du)，一(yi)般壓(ya)(ya)(ya)入深(shen)度(du)不(bu)得小于5mm,并(bing)且隨(sui)時檢(jian)查(cha)閥桿(gan)與壓(ya)(ya)(ya)蓋、壓(ya)(ya)(ya)套(tao)以(yi)(yi)及填料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)函三(san)者的(de)間隙要一(yi)致，轉動(dong)閥桿(gan)時，受力(li)(li)均(jun)勻正常(chang)、操作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)靈活、無(wu)卡阻現象。如果手感操作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)力(li)(li)矩過大時，可(ke)適當(dang)放松壓(ya)(ya)(ya)蓋，減小填料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)對(dui)閥門桿(gan)的(de)摩擦阻力(li)(li)。
V形(xing)(xing)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)和模壓成形(xing)(xing)的(de)其他填(tian)(tian)料(liao)，應(ying)從閥桿(gan)上(shang)(shang)端慢慢套入(ru)，套裝時要注意防止填(tian)(tian)料(liao)內圈被閥桿(gan)的(de)螺紋(wen)劃(hua)傷。成形(xing)(xing)V形(xing)(xing)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)的(de)下填(tian)(tian)料(liao)（填(tian)(tian)料(liao)墊）凸角(jiao)向(xiang)上(shang)(shang)，安(an)放在填(tian)(tian)料(liao)函底面；中填(tian)(tian)料(liao)凹角(jiao)向(xiang)下，凸角(jiao)向(xiang)上(shang)(shang)，安(an)放于填(tian)(tian)料(liao)中部；上(shang)(shang)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)凹角(jiao)向(xiang)下，平面向(xiang)上(shang)(shang)，安(an)放在填(tian)(tian)料(liao)函的(de)上(shang)(shang)層。
填料函一(yi)般不需(xu)修理，但閥門使用后若有(you)腐蝕現(xian)象或有(you)雜(za)物黏(nian)附，修理時要清理擦拭，用砂布磨光，腐蝕嚴重，出(chu)現(xian)麻坑者，應在車(che)(che)床(chuang)上車(che)(che)去不平的表面。
