不銹鋼(gang)給水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管道(dao)的(de)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)是一種(zhong)承壓(ya)狀(zhuang)態下的(de)射(she)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)和滲水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)現(xian)象。射(she)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)較(jiao)大，水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)從不銹鋼(gang)管道(dao)的(de)裂(lie)隙中(zhong)噴(pen)射(she)出(chu)(chu)來是有(you)(you)壓(ya)力的(de)，因(yin)而(er)產(chan)生了一種(zhong)連續的(de)振動現(xian)象。漏(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)的(de)多(duo)少(shao)取(qu)決于水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)壓(ya)的(de)高低及裂(lie)隙的(de)大小。漏(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)少(shao)時，可(ke)(ke)被(bei)土壤(rang)吸收，漏(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)多(duo)時，則(ze)可(ke)(ke)能(neng)竄(cuan)流至(zhi)下水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)道(dao)、河床(chuang)等處，也可(ke)(ke)能(neng)有(you)(you)部分水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)冒出(chu)(chu)地面(mian)(mian)。地表負荷較(jiao)大時可(ke)(ke)能(neng)會壓(ya)壞管道(dao)、自然災害可(ke)(ke)使管道(dao)折斷、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)擊可(ke)(ke)能(neng)造(zao)(zao)成(cheng)管道(dao)崩裂(lie)、管壁腐蝕可(ke)(ke)能(neng)造(zao)(zao)成(cheng)管道(dao)破裂(lie)等種(zhong)種(zhong)原因(yin)都(dou)可(ke)(ke)能(neng)造(zao)(zao)成(cheng)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。漏(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)沒(mei)有(you)(you)冒出(chu)(chu)地面(mian)(mian)的(de)稱(cheng)暗漏(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)，漏(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)冒出(chu)(chu)地面(mian)(mian)的(de)稱(cheng)明(ming)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)。無(wu)論(lun)是何(he)種(zhong)原因(yin)造(zao)(zao)成(cheng)的(de)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，反映(ying)在(zai)給水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管網上都(dou)是水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)無(wu)效損耗(hao)，檢(jian)漏(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)方(fang)法如下。


 1. 暗漏(lou)(lou)的(de)檢漏(lou)(lou)方法(fa)  


   聽漏(lou)法是目(mu)前檢查暗漏(lou)的主要手段，通過漏(lou)水時產生振(zhen)動的聲響確定漏(lou)水點，常用的聽漏(lou)工具有以下兩種。


    a. 聽(ting)漏器  由聽(ting)(ting)漏盤(pan)、軟管(guan)和(he)聽(ting)(ting)塞三部分組成(cheng)，類似于醫用(yong)聽(ting)(ting)診器。聽(ting)(ting)漏盤(pan)由音(yin)響(xiang)銅皮(pi)、鉛餅(bing)、上盤(pan)、下盤(pan)、連(lian)接螺栓(shuan)構成(cheng)，拾音(yin)部件為音(yin)響(xiang)銅皮(pi)，鉛餅(bing)可使聽(ting)(ting)漏盤(pan)緊貼地面。其傳聲(sheng)性能好，撿(jian)漏準確度較高(gao)，在(zai)無(wu)風(feng)無(wu)雨的深夜，沿給水管(guan)道(dao)地面每隔一至兩米探聽(ting)(ting)一次，遇到有水的響(xiang)聲(sheng)停止前行，響(xiang)聲(sheng)最(zui)大處即是漏水點。


圖 7.jpg


    b. 電子檢漏儀器(qi)  由(you)拾音(yin)器(qi)、放大濾波器(qi)及(ji)顯示器(qi)三部分組(zu)成，拾音(yin)器(qi)的構造和(he)工作(zuo)原理如圖5-7所示。


   拾音(yin)器可(ke)將(jiang)漏(lou)水(shui)時發出(chu)的(de)(de)聲(sheng)音(yin)轉變(bian)成電信號(hao)，通(tong)(tong)過放(fang)大器把微弱的(de)(de)信號(hao)放(fang)大并進行(xing)阻抗(kang)變(bian)換、檢波(bo)，再通(tong)(tong)過濾波(bo)器將(jiang)放(fang)大了(le)的(de)(de)信號(hao)進行(xing)濾波(bo)，將(jiang)漏(lou)水(shui)聲(sheng)以外的(de)(de)其(qi)他高(gao)低頻率的(de)(de)干擾(rao)聲(sheng)波(bo)濾掉，最(zui)后通(tong)(tong)過顯(xian)示(shi)器把信號(hao)顯(xian)示(shi)出(chu)來(lai)，或通(tong)(tong)過耳(er)機進行(xing)監聽。


 2. 明(ming)漏(lou)的檢(jian)漏(lou)方法 


  明漏(lou)的(de)檢(jian)漏(lou)方法主(zhu)要是靠專人觀(guan)察，檢(jian)查可能漏(lou)水(shui)的(de)可疑跡象，例如：地面(mian)上有水(shui)漏(lou)出；管(guan)(guan)道上部土壤泥濘或濕(shi)潤；雜草生長較周圍茂盛，冬天(tian)雪(xue)地有反(fan)常的(de)融雪(xue)地帶；部分用戶水(shui)壓(ya)突然降低，地區水(shui)壓(ya)下降現(xian)象反(fan)常；管(guan)(guan)道通過的(de)局部地面(mian)發生沉陷；下水(shui)道內出現(xian)清水(shui)。


  上述現(xian)象(xiang)都(dou)說(shuo)明有漏水的可能性存在，通過觀(guan)察，大多都(dou)能確(que)定漏水點(dian)。