工(gong)業管(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)，是由(you)管(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)組(zu)成(cheng)件(jian)(jian)(jian)、管(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)支(zhi)吊(diao)架(jia)等組(zu)成(cheng)，用(yong)以輸送、分(fen)配、混合、分(fen)離、排(pai)放(fang)、計(ji)量或控制流(liu)體(ti)流(liu)動(dong)。管(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)組(zu)成(cheng)件(jian)(jian)(jian)用(yong)于連接或裝(zhuang)配成(cheng)管(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)的元(yuan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)，包(bao)(bao)括管(guan)(guan)子（PiPipe)e）、管(guan)(guan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)、法蘭、墊片(pian)、緊固件(jian)(jian)(jian)、閥門以及管(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)特(te)(te)殊(shu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)等。管(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)特(te)(te)殊(shu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)指非普通(tong)標準組(zu)成(cheng)件(jian)(jian)(jian)，系按(an)工(gong)程設計(ji)條件(jian)(jian)(jian)特(te)(te)殊(shu)制造的管(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)組(zu)成(cheng)件(jian)(jian)(jian)，包(bao)(bao)括膨(peng)脹節、補償器(qi)、特(te)(te)殊(shu)閥門、爆炸片(pian)、阻(zu)火器(qi)、過(guo)濾器(qi)、撓性接頭及軟管(guan)(guan)等。管(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)支(zhi)吊(diao)架(jia)，用(yong)于支(zhi)承管(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)或約束管(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)位移的各種結構的總稱，但(dan)不(bu)包(bao)(bao)括土建結構。管(guan)(guan)子只是管(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)的一部(bu)分(fen)，當(dang)管(guan)(guan)子與管(guan)(guan)件(jian)(jian)(jian)、閥門和(he)其他機械(xie)設備(bei)連接，并由(you)支(zhi)吊(diao)架(jia)支(zhi)承時，才被稱為管(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)。

  工(gong)業(ye)管(guan)(guan)道(dao)器材是整(zheng)(zheng)個(ge)管(guan)(guan)道(dao)設計(ji)過(guo)程的基(ji)礎部分，它(ta)直接影響到管(guan)(guan)道(dao)系(xi)統乃至整(zheng)(zheng)個(ge)工(gong)業(ye)裝置的安全性、可靠性和經(jing)濟性。工(gong)業(ye)管(guan)(guan)道(dao)器材在(zai)石油(you)(you)、化(hua)工(gong)、石油(you)(you)化(hua)工(gong)、電力、輕紡、船舶、制藥等工(gong)業(ye)部門的管(guan)(guan)道(dao)裝置中(zhong)(zhong)所占(zhan)比例(li)很大。在(zai)石油(you)(you)化(hua)工(gong)生(sheng)產裝置中(zhong)(zhong)，管(guan)(guan)道(dao)材料中(zhong)(zhong)各主要項目費(fei)用所占(zhan)比例(li)如(ru)圖16.1所示。

工(gong)業管道常用材料分類見表16.2。