管殼(ke)式(shi)換熱(re)器(qi)又稱列管式(shi)換熱(re)器(qi)。是以封閉在(zai)殼(ke)體中管束的壁(bi)面作(zuo)為傳熱(re)面的間(jian)壁(bi)式(shi)換熱(re)器(qi)。這種換熱(re)器(qi)結構(gou)較簡單，操作(zuo)可(ke)靠(kao)，可(ke)用(yong)各種結構(gou)材料（主要是金屬材料）制造，能(neng)在(zai)高溫、高壓(ya)下使用(yong)，是目前應用(yong)最廣的類(lei)型。

  管(guan)(guan)殼(ke)式(shi)(shi)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)器由殼(ke)體(ti)(ti)、傳(chuan)熱(re)(re)(re)管(guan)(guan)束、管(guan)(guan)板(ban)(ban)、折流板(ban)(ban)（擋(dang)板(ban)(ban)）和(he)管(guan)(guan)箱等(deng)部(bu)件組成。殼(ke)體(ti)(ti)多為(wei)(wei)圓筒形(xing)，內(nei)部(bu)裝有(you)管(guan)(guan)束，管(guan)(guan)束兩端固定在管(guan)(guan)板(ban)(ban)上，而管(guan)(guan)板(ban)(ban)又與外殼(ke)連接(jie)在一(yi)起。進行換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)的(de)冷、熱(re)(re)(re)兩種(zhong)流體(ti)(ti)，一(yi)種(zhong)在管(guan)(guan)內(nei)流動，稱為(wei)(wei)管(guan)(guan)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)流體(ti)(ti)；另(ling)一(yi)種(zhong)在管(guan)(guan)外流動，稱為(wei)(wei)殼(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)流體(ti)(ti)。為(wei)(wei)提高(gao)管(guan)(guan)外流體(ti)(ti)的(de)傳(chuan)熱(re)(re)(re)膜系數(shu)，通(tong)常在殼(ke)體(ti)(ti)內(nei)安裝若干擋(dang)板(ban)(ban)。擋(dang)板(ban)(ban)可(ke)提高(gao)殼(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)流體(ti)(ti)速度，迫使流體(ti)(ti)按規定路(lu)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)多次橫向通(tong)過管(guan)(guan)束，增強流體(ti)(ti)湍流程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)度。圖7.2（a）為(wei)(wei)最簡(jian)單的(de)單殼(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)單管(guan)(guan)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)器。管(guan)(guan)殼(ke)式(shi)(shi)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)器按結構特(te)點分(fen)為(wei)(wei)固定管(guan)(guan)板(ban)(ban)式(shi)(shi)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)器、浮頭(tou)式(shi)(shi)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)器、U形(xing)管(guan)(guan)式(shi)(shi)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)器、填函式(shi)(shi)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)器、雙重(zhong)管(guan)(guan)式(shi)(shi)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)器和(he)雙管(guan)(guan)板(ban)(ban)換(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)器等(deng)，前(qian)3種(zhong)應用(yong)比較(jiao)普遍。

  管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)殼(ke)式換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)(shu)由許多管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)子(zi)組成，管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)(shu)構成換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)傳熱(re)(re)面。為(wei)了(le)增加(jia)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)在(zai)(zai)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)外空間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)速，以提高換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)殼(ke)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)傳熱(re)(re)膜系數(shu)，改善換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)傳熱(re)(re)情況，在(zai)(zai)筒(tong)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)內間(jian)隔安裝(zhuang)了(le)許多折(zhe)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)擋板。換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)殼(ke)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)和(he)兩側(ce)(ce)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)上(shang)（對(dui)于偶數(shu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)，則在(zai)(zai)一(yi)側(ce)(ce)）開有流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)進(jin)出(chu)口(kou)(kou)，有時還在(zai)(zai)其(qi)上(shang)裝(zhuang)設檢查孔，為(wei)安置儀表(biao)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)接(jie)口(kou)(kou)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、排液孔和(he)排氣孔等(deng)。在(zai)(zai)換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中，一(yi)種(zhong)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)從一(yi)側(ce)(ce)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)（成為(wei)前(qian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)）流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)進(jin)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)子(zi)里，經另(ling)一(yi)側(ce)(ce)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)（成為(wei)后管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)）流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)出(chu)（對(dui)奇數(shu)單(dan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)程(cheng)換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)），或繞過(guo)(guo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)，流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)回進(jin)口(kou)(kou)側(ce)(ce)前(qian)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)出(chu)（對(dui)偶數(shu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)程(cheng)換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)），流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)每(mei)(mei)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)(shu)一(yi)次(ci)(ci)稱(cheng)為(wei)一(yi)個(ge)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)程(cheng)。另(ling)一(yi)種(zhong)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)從筒(tong)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)連(lian)接(jie)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)進(jin)出(chu)換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)，流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)經管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)(shu)外，每(mei)(mei)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)殼(ke)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)一(yi)次(ci)(ci)稱(cheng)為(wei)一(yi)個(ge)殼(ke)程(cheng)。圖7.2（c）所示(shi)(shi)為(wei)二(er)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)程(cheng)、單(dan)殼(ke)程(cheng)，工程(cheng)上(shang)稱(cheng)為(wei)1-2型(xing)換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)（此處1表(biao)示(shi)(shi)殼(ke)程(cheng)數(shu)，2表(biao)示(shi)(shi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)程(cheng)數(shu)）。同(tong)樣，在(zai)(zai)換(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)筒(tong)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)內加(jia)縱向擋板也能(neng)得到(dao)多殼(ke)程(cheng)結構，見圖7.2（b）。

  按GB151的規定，管殼式換熱(re)器主要部件如(ru)圖7.3所(suo)示。