1. 延遲焦化裝置(zhi)工藝(yi)流程(cheng)簡介
焦(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)化(hua)(hua)(hua)過(guo)程是以渣油(you)等重質油(you)為原料，在(zai)(zai)高(gao)溫（500～550℃）下進行(xing)深(shen)度熱(re)裂化(hua)(hua)(hua)反應的一(yi)種熱(re)加工(gong)(gong)過(guo)程。在(zai)(zai)焦(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)化(hua)(hua)(hua)技術發(fa)展的過(guo)程中，曾經出現過(guo)多種工(gong)(gong)業形式，其中一(yi)些已經被淘汰，目前主要存在(zai)(zai)的工(gong)(gong)業形式是延(yan)遲焦(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)化(hua)(hua)(hua)、流(liu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)焦(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)化(hua)(hua)(hua)和靈(ling)活(huo)焦(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)化(hua)(hua)(hua)。世界上85％以上的焦(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)化(hua)(hua)(hua)處理都(dou)屬延(yan)遲焦(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)化(hua)(hua)(hua)類型(xing)，只有(you)少(shao)數國家(jia)（如美(mei)國）的部分煉油(you)廠采用流(liu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)焦(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)化(hua)(hua)(hua)和靈(ling)活(huo)焦(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)化(hua)(hua)(hua)。流(liu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)焦(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)化(hua)(hua)(hua)是20世紀(ji)50年代開(kai)發(fa)的工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)技術，與延(yan)遲焦(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)化(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)相比，具(ju)有(you)反應溫度高(gao)，液(ye)體(ti)收(shou)率(lv)高(gao)、焦(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)炭及氣體(ti)收(shou)率(lv)較低的優點(dian)。流(liu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)焦(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)化(hua)(hua)(hua)從(cong)20世紀(ji)70年代后(hou)很少(shao)建(jian)設。靈(ling)活(huo)焦(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)化(hua)(hua)(hua)是在(zai)(zai)流(liu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)焦(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)化(hua)(hua)(hua)基礎上發(fa)展的，它是由渣油(you)流(liu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)床(chuang)焦(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)化(hua)(hua)(hua)與焦(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)炭汽(qi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)組(zu)成的聯合工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)過(guo)程。
國外延遲(chi)(chi)焦化(hua)技術(shu)以美國為代表，比較(jiao)成熟(shu)的有(you)凱洛格(ge)（KKellogg.g）公(gong)(gong)(gong)司、魯姆斯(si)（ABB Lummus Grest）公(gong)(gong)(gong)司、大(da)陸（Conoco）石油(you)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司和福(fu)斯(si)特·惠勒（Foster Wheeler）公(gong)(gong)(gong)司的技術(shu)，從近幾年(nian)設計的延遲(chi)(chi)焦化(hua)裝置的套數、液體產品(pin)收率(lv)和公(gong)(gong)(gong)用工(gong)程消耗等方面來看，福(fu)斯(si)特·惠勒公(gong)(gong)(gong)司的技術(shu)占有(you)一定的優勢。
焦(jiao)化工(gong)藝是重要的渣(zha)油熱(re)加工(gong)過(guo)程，包括延遲焦(jiao)化、流(liu)化焦(jiao)化、靈活焦(jiao)化等多種工(gong)藝過(guo)程，如圖5-144所示。
2. 某工程延遲焦化(hua)布置(zhi)實例（圖5-145）
圖5-145 某(mou)工程(cheng)延遲焦(jiao)化(hua)布置(zhi)實(shi)例
