1. 制定標準的意(yi)義(yi)

   GB/T 24512.1-2009為(wei)首次制定(ding)，主編單(dan)位(wei)為(wei)攀成鋼(gang)。

   核電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)是一(yi)種清潔、高效能(neng)源(yuan)，大(da)力發展(zhan)核電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)是我國(guo)未來能(neng)源(yuan)發展(zhan)的(de)(de)一(yi)個重點方向。核電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)用(yong)(yong)(yong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)是核電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機組常(chang)規(gui)島(dao)和(he)核島(dao)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)關(guan)鍵(jian)材(cai)(cai)料之(zhi)一(yi)，核電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)“自(zi)主(zhu)化”不僅要實(shi)現核電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站使用(yong)(yong)(yong)材(cai)(cai)料的(de)(de)國(guo)產(chan)化，而(er)且要實(shi)現包括核電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)標(biao)(biao)準體(ti)系(xi)在(zai)內的(de)(de)核電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)技(ji)術的(de)(de)自(zi)主(zhu)化。1984年(nian)(nian)我國(guo)自(zi)主(zhu)設計(ji)建(jian)(jian)(jian)造(zao)了(le)(le)第(di)一(yi)座(zuo)核電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站（秦山），1991年(nian)(nian)引進國(guo)外技(ji)術建(jian)(jian)(jian)造(zao)大(da)亞灣核核電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站，自(zi)此我國(guo)核電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)進入(ru)了(le)(le)快速(su)發展(zhan)時期。核電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)用(yong)(yong)(yong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)國(guo)產(chan)化從20世紀80年(nian)(nian)代開始(shi)，已形成批量供(gong)應P280GH、20控Cr、P22、TU42C、W36CN1等(deng)核島(dao)及常(chang)規(gui)島(dao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)碳(tan)鋼、碳(tan)錳鋼和(he)合金(jin)鋼無(wu)縫鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)能(neng)力。產(chan)品(pin)已逐步實(shi)現國(guo)產(chan)化，但核電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)用(yong)(yong)(yong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)國(guo)家標(biao)(biao)準卻長(chang)期空缺。研制核電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)用(yong)(yong)(yong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)國(guo)家標(biao)(biao)準，建(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)我國(guo)自(zi)主(zhu)的(de)(de)核電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)用(yong)(yong)(yong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)標(biao)(biao)準體(ti)系(xi)，推動核電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)用(yong)(yong)(yong)管(guan)(guan)(guan)國(guo)產(chan)化，為(wei)核電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)“自(zi)主(zhu)化”提供(gong)技(ji)術支(zhi)撐，具有重要意義。發布實(shi)施的(de)(de)系(xi)列國(guo)家標(biao)(biao)準已成為(wei)核電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站用(yong)(yong)(yong)鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan)貿易(yi)的(de)(de)技(ji)術依據，是規(gui)范和(he)指導(dao)鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan)制造(zao)、核電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設計(ji)選(xuan)材(cai)(cai)和(he)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)技(ji)術法規(gui)；解決(jue)了(le)(le)多年(nian)(nian)來困擾(rao)核電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站設計(ji)選(xuan)材(cai)(cai)和(he)產(chan)品(pin)供(gong)需訂貨的(de)(de)技(ji)術障(zhang)礙。

2. 主(zhu)要技術(shu)內容

   本(ben)標(biao)準包(bao)括HD245、HD245Cr、HD265、HD265Cr、HD280、HD280Cr等6個(ge)牌號，規定(ding)了鋼(gang)的(de)熔煉(lian)化學(xue)(xue)成(cheng)分(fen)及成(cheng)品(pin)化學(xue)(xue)成(cheng)分(fen)。規定(ding)了鋼(gang)管的(de)詳細(xi)熱處理溫(wen)度，鋼(gang)管的(de)室溫(wen)和高溫(wen)拉(la)伸(shen)性能，對鋼(gang)管的(de)沖(chong)擊(ji)吸(xi)收能量、液壓、壓扁、彎曲、擴口、低倍、非金屬夾雜物、晶粒度、顯(xian)微組織、脫(tuo)碳層、表面(mian)質(zhi)量、無損檢測、質(zhi)量報告(gao)等要求做出明確規定(ding)。

3. 國內(nei)外標準(zhun)對比及標準(zhun)水平

   國(guo)外(wai)(wai)相關標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)有(you)EN 10216-2：2002《壓力(li)用(yong)途的(de)(de)無縫鋼(gang)管交貨(huo)技術條件 第(di)2部(bu)分：規(gui)(gui)(gui)定高溫性(xing)能的(de)(de)非合(he)金鋼(gang)和(he)(he)(he)(he)合(he)金鋼(gang)鋼(gang)管》《ASME 鍋爐(lu)及壓力(li)容器規(gui)(gui)(gui)范(fan) 第(di)II卷 A篇(pian)鐵基(ji)材料》中SA-106《高溫用(yong)碳(tan)素鋼(gang)無縫鋼(gang)管規(gui)(gui)(gui)范(fan)》、SA-210M及《鍋爐(lu)和(he)(he)(he)(he)過熱器用(yong)中碳(tan)鋼(gang)無縫鋼(gang)管規(gui)(gui)(gui)范(fan)》。尺(chi)寸精度方(fang)(fang)面：國(guo)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)的(de)(de)尺(chi)寸允許偏(pian)差(cha)嚴(yan)于歐洲(zhou)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)；與美(mei)(mei)國(guo)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)相比，外(wai)(wai)徑(jing)偏(pian)差(cha)與美(mei)(mei)國(guo)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)分檔不(bu)同，熱管的(de)(de)外(wai)(wai)徑(jing)允許偏(pian)差(cha)總(zong)體上比美(mei)(mei)國(guo)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)寬，冷管的(de)(de)外(wai)(wai)徑(jing)允許偏(pian)差(cha)總(zong)體上與美(mei)(mei)國(guo)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)相當，熱管和(he)(he)(he)(he)冷管的(de)(de)壁厚(hou)偏(pian)差(cha)嚴(yan)于美(mei)(mei)國(guo)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)。化(hua)學成分方(fang)(fang)面：國(guo)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)對(dui)(dui)C、Si、Mn、P、S及殘余元素的(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)(gui)定與歐洲(zhou)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)和(he)(he)(he)(he)美(mei)(mei)國(guo)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)基(ji)本(ben)一致(zhi)(zhi)。力(li)學性(xing)能方(fang)(fang)面：國(guo)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)對(dui)(dui)拉伸(shen)性(xing)能、沖擊性(xing)能的(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)(gui)定與歐洲(zhou)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)和(he)(he)(he)(he)美(mei)(mei)國(guo)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)基(ji)本(ben)一致(zhi)(zhi)。工藝性(xing)能方(fang)(fang)面：國(guo)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)對(dui)(dui)壓扁試驗(yan)、彎曲試驗(yan)、擴口試驗(yan)的(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)(gui)定與歐洲(zhou)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)和(he)(he)(he)(he)美(mei)(mei)國(guo)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)基(ji)本(ben)一致(zhi)(zhi)。無損(sun)檢測方(fang)(fang)面：國(guo)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)對(dui)(dui)無損(sun)檢驗(yan)的(de)(de)要(yao)求參照法(fa)國(guo)《RCC-M壓水堆(dui)核島機械設(she)備設(she)計(ji)和(he)(he)(he)(he)建(jian)造規(gui)(gui)(gui)則》，檢驗(yan)要(yao)求嚴(yan)于歐洲(zhou)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)和(he)(he)(he)(he)美(mei)(mei)國(guo)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)。通過以上主要(yao)指標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)對(dui)(dui)比，國(guo)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)的(de)(de)水平達到國(guo)外(wai)(wai)先進(jin)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)水平。